Chippewa / Ojibwe History

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Chippewa / Ojibwe History

Chippewa / Ojibwe HistoryChippewa / Ojibwe HistoryChippewa / Ojibwe History
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Niimi or Dance:

O’Chiese Saulteaux Nation Pow wow Arbour

The structure was disassembled and reconstructed in 2023.  O'Chiese 203 Indian reserve is approximately 52 km northwest of Rocky Mountain House, Alberta.  Capacity is 2,000 people 

 ©LOLA Architecture 


The Ojibwa Dance Drum,   Thomas Vennum, Jr,  Smithsonian Folklife Studies Number 2  , 1982 file:///C:/Users/Owner/Downloads/SCFS-0002-Lo_res%20(4).pdf


"In the way back of the Anishinabe they made their first drum with moosehide."

https://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/Buffalo/PB23.html

POW WOW

White Earth Nation 2024

 ©Kelli Gowder



When Europeans first made contact with the Chippewa - Ojibwa they had dances for many things.  The  Midewiwin dance was one the most important to the South Eastern and South Western Chippewa as well as the Saulteaux.  It was preformed in late spring and again in the early fall.  However, later,  the mid June Sun dance became more important for the Saulteaux.  Other dances were the Grass, Dream, Pipe, Bear, Ghost, Scalp, and War ( Nandobaniishimowin ).  The Sun and Ghost dance are generally associated with the tribes of the plains.  The Saulteaux adopted both.  

Muscowpetung Saulteaux Nation Pow wow Arbour

The first Pow Wow was held August 2025 on their reserve approximately 70 km northeast of Regina,  Saskatchewan.  Capacity is 2,500 people.

©Louise BigEagle · CBC News 


Today Pow Wows fall into two categories: Traditional or Competitive.  The "Traditional" tends to be smaller and a localized event.  While the "Competitive" tends to be larger with judging, prizes, and dance categories.


 Dewe'igan = DRUM


Interiour view of the 60 meter Pow wow field and seating area.  ©LOLA Architecture 


1898 The Indian Agent persuaded the Mille Lacs band to attend the huge "illegal" White Earth Pow Wow along with the Leech Lake and Red Lake band's delegations as well as some Sioux from South Dakota.   A Chippewa Pow Wow,  Little Falls Weekly Transcript, June 14, 1898, p.8 Minnesota Digital Newa Paper Hub.


1904 There was a  5 day "illegal" Pow Wow at Hayward, Wisconsin that included  the Ghost Dance. Many traditional games were played.  One of the prizes was a British flag taken at Fort Mackinac in 1812. https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85042792/1904-10-06/ed-1/?sp=3&q=Chippewa+pow+wow&r=0.09,0.533,0.466,0.237,0


1937 International Falls Elk Lodge 1599 arranged through the Ontario Indian Agent for the Manitou Rapids band to put on a 3 day Pow Wow for the Minnesota Elks State Convention.

"Elks are Ready for a Conclave,"  The Eveleth News, August 5, 1937, p.3, Minnesota Digital Newapaper Hub


AMERICAN INDIAN POW WOWS, Smithsonian

https://folklife.si.edu/online-exhibitions/american-indian-powwows/history/smithsonian


JINGLE DRESS DANCERS

https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/jingledress


2023   The shiibaashka’igan – jingle dress was designated as a national historic event in Canada.   


Ni-mi-win = POW WOW

Turtle dodem, Strongheart Civic Center of the Grand Traverse Band of the Chippewa and Ottawa Indians.   2001 architect Douglas J. Cardinal (Canadian Blackfoot)

©Kathryn Bishop Eckert 


In 1883 Congress banned all Native dances and ceremonies, including the Sun and Ghost Dance.    Anti-dancing directives continued to be issued into the 1920s.  In 1933  John Collier was appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs.  He removed the ban on native  dance.  The ban was never successful.  The Native Americans never gave up their culture some did it in secret, others were discrete, while others did it in public and were paided to preform.  The Jingle dress was born during the ban for the purpose of healing.  It's existence is a symbol of the resilence of the nation.


In 1911 Treaties 4 & 6 Tribes in Canada  argued that the right to traditional dances, music, and festivals was preserved and protected in their treaties.  After hearing their arguements, the government decided to clarify Section 114 of the Indian Act, allowing tribes in those treaties to have Pow wows.  However, the 1914 Indian Act still maintained restrictions in other regions Canada. 


"The dream dance of the Chippewa and Menominee Indians of northern Wisconsin"   The Chippewa Dream Dance is said to be related to the Ghost Dance of the plains. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee, 1911, pp. 251-406. S. A. Barrett.

Interiour view of the new Muscowpetung Saulteaux Nation Pow Wow Arbor.

©Louise BigEagel CBC News 


The Dream Dance of the Chippewa and Menominee Indians of Northern Wisconsin.  Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee, Vol. I Article 4, S.A. Barrett, 1911 https://archive.org/details/dreamdancechipp00barrgoog/page/n1/mode/1up?view=theater


*The Saulteaux version of the Sun Dance is the Thirsty Dance or "Nibaagweshimowin".

*  Giizhigomakwawininigag: The Dance of the Sky Bear people

*  Wabenoh Morning Dance:  preformed before noon in southern Ontario.

*  Hunting or Bear Dance

*  War dance or bwaazhii-niimi

*  Womans(Squaw) Dance or ikwe-niimi

*  Feather Dance


George Catlin recorded seeing the *  Beggars Dance, the * Buffalo, *Bear and * Eagles Dances.  Catlin commented that the * Dance of the Braves was beautiful.


Children had their versions of the Woman's(Squaw), Rabbit, and Side Dances.


Dances that the Chippewa adopted from other tribes included the Fish, Snake, Deer, Horse, Corn, Sun and Ghost.


DANCE p. 113-4, Smithsonian: Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 146, 1951

Gallery #4: War, Pipe, Scalp, Snowshoe, Sun, Jingle Dances & Pow Wows

j
Show More

Pow Wow Dance or Niimi'idiwin:

White Earth Nation Men's traditional dancer,

©Crazy Crow  Trading Post

Opening of the 151st White Earth Nation Pow wow.

Even though the dance ban was lifted it wasn't until the activism of the 1960's lead to the resurgence of the Pow Wow on reservations and the spread of the Jingle dress to other nations.

©Crazy Crow  Trading Post

2024 Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians Pow Wow.

©Visit Widget

 John Hupfield, of the Wasauksing First Nation doing the Grass dance. 

©Nick Iwanyshyn 

151st White Earth Pow Wow opening.   Dates to 1868, when the White Earth reservation was created.  Jingle dancers at White Earth in 2019.

©Crazy Crow  Trading Post

Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians

©Visit Widget

Saulteaux First Nation Indian Relay Race 2018

Indian Relay, as racers call it, is the extreme horse racing sport that has been taking place in the United States for decades, and only recently started spreading north of the border after being introduced at the North American Indigenous Games and the Calgary Stampede in 2017."  A rider needs to change mounts three times in race at full gallop.  The rider pictured is Cree and national champion.  The Saulteaux First Nation in Saskatchewan is represented by the Poitras Relay team.  The team is featured in the documentary series "Horse Warriors" and is available for streaming on APTN lumi.   O'Chiese First Nation has hosted races.  Cote First Nation fielded a team in 2025.  Turtle Mountain has hosted races on their Chippewa Downs five years running.  The Bois Forte band had a team in 2018, named the Brown Bois.


A team has four people: 

  • A rider, who races each horse bareback.
  • A mugger, who catches the incoming horse after each lap.
  • Two holders, who hold the new horses for the exchanges.


© Olivia Stefanovich · CBC News · Posted: Aug 19, 2018 


Niki Gashing Goodwin of the White Earth Nation  was inducted into the North American Indigenous Athletics Hall of Fame in 2023 as a professional  thoroughbred rider. 


Reserves & Reservations of the Ojibwa Chippewa peoples:

Canada:

  

QUEBEC: 

*  Eagle Village First Nation or Kebaowek First Nation, Kipawa Indian Reserve  (Reserve Number 110).     

*  Lac-Simon Reserve (Simosagigan) (Indian Reserve 168) 

 

MANITOBA:  

*  Berens River First Nation ( Berens River 13 and Pigeon River 13A )

*  Bloodvein First Nation IR Bloodvein 12

*  Brokenhead First Nation 4 

*  Buffalo Point First Nation ( Buffalo Point Reserve 36)  Reed River (Reserve 36A) 

*  Dauphin River First Nation 48A 

*  Keeseekoowenin Ojibway First Nation, ( (IR) 61, IR 61A, and IR 61B ) 

*  Little Grand Rapids First Nation

*  Little Saskatchewan First Nation 

*  Long Plain First Nation ( Long Plain Reserve No. 6) 

*  Pauingassi First Nation

*  Peguis 1B Reserve (Peguis Reserves 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, and 1I, and St. Peters Fishing Station 1A)  

*  Pinaymootang First Nation ( Fairford 50 Reserve) 

*  Poplar River First Nation ( Poplar River Reserve 16) 

*  Roseau River Anishinabe First Nation ( Roseau River Reserve No. 2, 

Roseau Rapids 2A and Roseau River 2B) 

*  Sandy Bay Ojibway First Nation (Indian Reserve# 5)

*  Shoal Lake #40 First Nation (Reserve # 40) 

*  Swan Lake First Nation (Swan Lake Reserve 7 or IR 7) 


ONTARIO:  

*  Aamjiwnaang First Nation (Chippewas of Sarnia First Nation)  Sarnia Indian Reserve 45 

*  Agency Reserve No 30 & No. 1  

*  Alderville First Nation Alderville Indian Reserve 37  (Sugar Island 37A) 

*  Animbiigoo Zaagi’igan Anishinaabek (Lake Nipigo Reserve)  Lake Nipigon Indian Reserve Gull River 55,  

*  Animikee Wa Zhing 37 First Nation    (Northwest Angle 37 First Nation)  

*  Anishinaabe of Naongashiing First Nation (Big Island Reserve)  Big Island Mainland 93 ,  Saug-a-gaw-sing No. 1 

*  Aroland settlement (briefly  Aroland 83 Indian Reserve)  

*  Assabaska Band of Saulteaux  Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation  Sabaskong Bay 35D and 35E  

*  Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation (Grassy Narrows) ( English River Indian Reserve 21 )

*  Aundeck Omni Kaning First Nation, Ojibways of Sucker Creek 

*  Batchewana First Nation of Ojibways (Obadjiwan Reserve 15E) 

(Goulais Bay 15A) ( Rankin Reserve 15D) (Whitefish Island Reserve 15)

*  Beaverhouse First Nation (First Nation lacking federal recognition)    

*  Beausoleil First Nation (Christian Island) 

*  Big Grassy River First Nation (Big Grassy River 35G) 

*  Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek Rocky Bay 1 reserve  

*  Bingwi Neyaashi Anishinaabek First Nation Sand Point Reserve 

*  Biigtigong Nishnaabeg (Pic River First Nation) 

*  Bkejwanong Territory, Walpole Island First Nation    

*  New Brunswick House Band of Ojibway (originally New Brunswick House 76)  (Mountbatten 76A and Duck Lake 76B)

*  Caldwell First Nation or "the Chippewas of Point Pelee" 

*  Cat Lake First Nation   

*  Chapleau Ojibway First Nation,  (Chapleau 61A, Chapleau 74, and 74A)  

*  Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation ( Reserve No. 27 ) 

*  Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation (33 reserve and  33A reserve  Chippewa Island) 

*  Chippewas Of Rama First Nation ( Mnjikaning First Nation 32 Indian Reserve )

*  Chippewas of Kettle and Stoney Point First Nation- Kettle Point 44 

*  Chippewa Of The Thames First Nation 42

*  Constance Lake First Nation 92 English River Band 92 and  (English River 66) 

*  Couchiching First Nation 16A  

*  Curve Lake First Nation ( Mud Lake Band 35)  

*  Dokis First Nation, (Dokis Indian Reserve No. 9)

*  Eabametoong First Nation (Fort Hope Reserve)  

*  Fort William First Nation, Fort William Indian Reserve 52  

*  Flying Post First Nation ( Flying Post No. 73 ) 

*  Ginoogaming First Nation ( Long Lake Reserve #77 )

*  Garden River First Nation ( Garden River 14 ) 

*  Ginoogaming First Nation (former  Long Lake 77 First Nation)  

*  Gull Bay First Nation ( Gull River 55 Indian Reserve ) 

*  Henvey Inlet First Nation (French River 13)(Reserve No. 2) 

*  Indian River Reserve (Chippewas of Rama First Nation formerly- the  Coldwater-Narrow reserve 32  for the Chippewas of Lakes Simcoe and Huron.

*  Lac Des Mille Lacs First Nation ( 22A1 and 22A2 )  

*  Lac La Croix First Nation (Neguaguon Lake Indian Reserve 25D)

   Lac La Croix Sturgeon Lake Indian Reserve 24C was  incorporated into       Quetico Provincial Park.   

*  Long Lake #58 First Nation 

*  Magnetawan First Nation (Magnetawan No. 1 Reserve)

*  Marten Falls First Nation ( Marten Falls 65 )

*  Matachewan First Nation (Indian Reserve #72 )

*  Michipicoten First Nation (Gros Cap 49)  

*  Mississaga First Nation (Mississagi River 8 Reserve)

*  Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation ( New Credit 40A )

*  Manitou Rapids Reserve No. 11  

*  Mattagami First Nation (has no reserve number assigned)

*  Mishkeegogamang First Nation Osnaburgh Indian Reserve 63A and Osnaburgh Indian Reserve 63B 

*  Mississaugas Of Scugog Island First Nation (Indian Reserve #34)

*  Mississauga of Hiawatha First Nation (Indian Reserve 15)

*  Namaygoosisagagun First Nation (First Nation lacking federal recognition)

*  Neskantaga First Nation (formerly Lansdowne House First Nation,Neskantanga Indian Reserve)

*  Netimizaagamig Nishnaabeg (formerly Pic Mobert First Nation-South Reserve No. 127)  (formerly Pic Mobert First Nation-North,  Reserve No. 126) 

*  Neyaashiinigmiing First Nation ( Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation Indian Reserve 27) 

*  Naotkamegwanning First Nation Saulteaux's (Whitefish Bay 32A)  (Yellow Girl Bay 32B) ( Sabaskong Bay 32C) 

*  Nibinamik First Nation ( reserve number 241)  

*  Nigigoonsiminikaaning (Red Gut) First Nation (Rainy Lake 26A), (Rainy Lake 26B), (Rainy Lake 26C), and (Agency 1).  

*  Nipissing First Nation (The Dulles Indian Reserve 38 C, and Agency Indian Reserve 30)

* Northwest Angle #33 

* Obabikong Reserve (Big Grassy First Nation 35 B) 

* Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation (Sabaskong Bay 35C, Sabaskong Bay 35D, Sabaskong Bay 35F, Sabaskong Bay 35H,

*  Obashkaandagaang Bay First Nation ( Washagamis Bay, formerly O'Bash'Kaan'Da'Gaang(38A)  Wauzhusk Onigum (Rat Portage-38B) Niisaachewaan (Dalles-38C)   

*  Ojibway Nation Of Saugeen, Chippewas of Saugeen ( Saugeen 29,   Chief's Point 28,  Saugeen HuntingGrounds 60A,  Saugeen and Cape Croker Fishing Islands 1)  

*  Chippeways of Thessalon (IR  Thessalon 12) Ojibways of Thessalon First Nation,

*  Pauingassi First Nation

*  Pays Plat First Nation( Pays Plat 51) 

*  Point Grondine Park (Wikwemikong Unceded Territory, Indian Reserve Point Grondine 3)   

*  Rainy River First Nation (Manitou Rapids Indian Reserve No. 11) 

*  Red Rock Indian Band ( Red Rock 53 formerly Parmachene 53 and Lake Helen 53A) 

*  Rainy River First Nation ( Manitou Rapids 11 ) 

*  Roseau River First Nation No. 2, 2A Roseau Rapids, 2 B Roseau River , formerly the Pembina Band of Chippewa

*  Sagamok Anishnawbek,  Spanish River Indian Reserve No. 5 

*  Chippewa of Saugeen First Nation 27, Chief's Point 28, Saugeen 29 

 (Hunting Grounds 60A) (Saugeen and Cape Croker Fishing Islands 1) 

*  Seine River First Nation ( Seine River 23A ) 

* Serpent River First Nation ( Serpent River 7 ) 

* Shawanaga First Nation (Reserve No. 17 and 17A) 

* Sturgeon Lake Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Sturgeon Lake Indian Reserve 24C delisted

* Taykwa Tagamou Nation Cree Ojibwa. ( New Post 69 and New Post 69A) 

* Temagami First Nation ( Bear Island Indian Reserve No. 1 )

* Wabaseemoong Independent Nation (formerly Islington Indian Reserve 29,    One Man Lake 29, Swan Lake 29, and Agency Indian Reserve 30, White Dog) 

* Wabauskang First Nation Saulteaux ( Wabauskang 21 )

* Wabigoon Lake First Nation Saulteaux ( Wabigoon Lake 27 ) 

* Wahnapitae First Nation, (Wahnapitae Indian Reserve No. 11) 

* Walpole Island First Nation ( Walpole Island 46 )

* Wasauksing First Nation ( Parry Island Reserve, formerly Old Massett Village Council ) 

*  Wauzhushk Onigum First Nation ( Kenora 38B  formerly  Rat Portage 38B)

*  Wahgoshig First Nation ( Abitibi No. 70 )

*   Fishing Lake First Nation is an Saulteaux Community located to the south-east of Humboldt, Saskatchewan 

*  Webequie Indian Reserve #240) 

*  Wikwemkoong First Nation,  Manitoulin Unceded Indian Reserve, Indian Reserve #26 

*  Whitefish River First Nation (Whitefish River 4)

* WhiteSand First Nation (Indian Reserve 31)

*  Zhiibaahaasing First Nation 19 and 19 A


SASKATCHAWAN: 

*  Cote First Nation  Little Pine First Nation ( Reserve No. 64 )

*  Cowessess First Nation (Reserve 73, Reserve 73 A and Reserve Grounds 77)

*  Fishing Lake First Nation,  Fishing Lake Indian Reserve No. 89  (has been divided in smaller reserves)

*  Kahkewistahaw First Nation (Saulteaaux Cree) (Reserve 74 plus 14 others)

*   Muscowpetung Saulteaux Nation  80

*  Saulteaux First Nation (the Saulteaux at Jackfish Lake & Saulteaux Indian Reserve 159)

  

ALBERTA: 

*  O'Chiese First Nation ( O'Chiese 203 and  O'Chiese Cemetery 203A )

 

BRITISH COLUMBIA; 

*  The Saulteaux First Nations ( West Moberly Lake No. 168A ans  East Moberly Lake 169 

Janet Leonard, Manitou Rapids Reserve 11, Saulteau jingle dancer, 1933, by Ruth Landes.  wikicommons

United States:

KANSAS:

* Chippewa and Munsee Tribe of Kansas.   Lost Tribes.

*  Prairie Band of Potawatomis, decendants of the United Bands from the 1833 Chicago Treaty


 MICHIGAN:

* Bay Mills Indian Community Trust Land (originally 5 Sault Ste. Marie Bands of Chippewa Indians)  

* Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa & Chippewa Indians Reservation Little * Traverse Bay Bands Reservation

* Keweenaw Bay Indian Community

* L’Anse Trust Land  (originally the L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse Reservation)

* Little River Band of Ottawa Indians of Michigan Reservation

* Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe Isabella Reservation 

* Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians Reservation.

* Bart Lake Ottawa and Chippewa Tribe, (unrecognized)

* Consolidated Bahwetig Ojibwas & Mackinac Bands, (unrecognized)

* Lake Superior Chippewa of Marquette,  (unrecognized) 

* Maconce Village Band of Ojibwa,  (unrecognized) 

* Ooragnak Indian Nation,  (unrecognized)  

* Swan Creek Black River Confederated Ojibwa Tribes,  (unrecognized)

* The Chi-cau-gon Band of Lake Superior Chippewa of Iron County,  (unrecognized)

* The Mackinac Bands of Chippewa and Ottawa Indians , (unrecognized)

 

WISCONSIN:

* Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake 

* Superior Chippewa Reservation 

* Mole Lake Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Reservation

* Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Reservation

* Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Reservation 

* Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Reservation 

* Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Reservation

* St. Croix Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Reservation 


MINNESOTA: 

* Bois Forte Band of Lake Superior Chippewa  Reservation

* Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa  Reservation

* Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa  Reservation

* Leech Lake Band of  of the  Mississippi Chippewa Reservation

* Mille Lacs band of Ojibwe, Mille Lacs Band of the  Mississippi Chippewa Reservation 

* Red Earth Nation:   Red Lake Band of  of the  Mississippi Chippewa Reservation

* White Earth Nation:  White Earth band of the  Mississippi Chippewa Reservation 


* Kah-Bay-Kah-Nong Warroad Chippewa band (unrecognized) considered part of the Red Lake Nation.

* Kettle River Band of the St. Croix Chippewa of Minnesota, (unrecognized), considered part of the Mille Lacs band.

* Rice Lake Band of Ojibwe,  (unrecognized), considered part of the Mille Lacs band. 

* Sandy Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa, ( unrecognized,) considered part of the Mille Lacs band. 

* Snake and Knife Rivers Band of the St. Croix Chippewa of Minnesota, (unrecognized), considered part of the Mille Lacs band. 


NORTH DAKOTA : 

* Turtle Mountain Pembina band of Chippewa Indians Reservation


MONTANA: 

* Rocky Boy Chippewa Cree Reservation

"Every wind" 1907 Roland Reed.  In 1907 he sold his Bamidji Studio & moved to Red Lake.  wikicommons

Ponemah, at Red Lake. Roland Reed.  wikicommons

THE JINGLE DRESS or ZHIIBAASHKA'IGAN: in the upper picture

 

Two tribes have versions of how the jingle dress came to be, the Mille Lacs Chippewa and the Whitefish Bay Ojibwa.  The history is linked to the 1918 Spanish Influenza pandemic that was fatal for many.  The Mille Lacs origin of the jinggle dress  comes from a vision of a  Midewinini or Medicine man.  He had a daughter who was ill and not responding to his treatment.  In his vison he saw four women wearing diffferent colored jingle dresses.  He received instructions on how to make the jinggles for a dress for his daughter to wear to be cured.  When the vison passed he told his wife and together they created a dress.  He fashioned the jingles and she attached them to the dress.  When done, it was put on the girl.  She was too weak to walk so  men carried her for the jingles to make their sounds and she recovered to the point that she could walk and make the jingles jingle herself.  Word of this cure spread and was even adopted by tribes outside the Ojibwa Nation.   The oral history at Whitefish Bay is very simular to Mille Lacs.   An 8 year old named Maggie White became ill.  Her Midewinini grandfather Pinasse, had dreams that told him how to make a jingle dress, which he did.  When the ill girl put it on she was cured.   It is claimed that the White Earth band shared the jingle dress with the Lakota to the west of them in the 1920s.  The Glenbow Museum in Alberta displays a fine example of a jingle dress from the Day Star First Nation, Cree,ca.1950.  In the 1980s the AIM movement led to the jingle dress to gaining national indegenious exposure and was adopted as an expression of indigenious spituallity, idenity, and protest.  Around that time it was hugely embraced by the Navajo Nation. The jingle dress quickly evolved to become culturally significant apparal for the Ojibwa people and other peoples.  Today, the Jingle dress dance is seen in both competition and traditional powwows across North America.   The Red Lake jingle dress origin story in not available to share.


Ponemah, at Red Lake. Roland Reed.  wikicommons



Gallery #5: Chippewa Ojibwa Tribal Logos.

         The tab to view this gallery is below on the slide bar, to the left.   It is quite small.

Little Grand Rapids First Nation is a remote Saulteaux band, approx. 370 km northeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba. 

Red Lake Nation of the Red Lake Chippewa are in northern Minnesota with one land parcel on the Canadian border.  They are the only Anishinaabe band with and airfield in the U.S.

Mishkeegogamang First Nation is located in northwestern Ontario, 20 km south of Pickle Lake. Until 1993 they were The Osnaburgh House Band of Ojibway were named for the Hudson's Bay Company fur trade post, Osnaburgh House.   

Pikangikum First Nation 14 reserve is on  Pikangikum lake  in Northwestern Ontario, 100 km (60 miles) north of the town of Red Lake.  They are one of the 12 first nation owners of  
Wasaya Airways and have their own airfield.  When Treaty 5 was signed thy are believed to have been part of the Little Grand Rapids band.  

Slate Falls First Nation on Bamaji Lake 120 km north of Sioux Lookout.  It  was part of the Mishkeegogamang First Nation, until it established in 1985. 

Remote Poplar Hill First Nation is in northwestern Ontario, approx. 120 km north of Red Lake, near the Ontario-Manitoba border. It is accessible by air year-round and by winter road.   In 1978 the community separated from Pikangikum First Nation.  They operate Poplar Hill Airport (CYHP). 

Temagami First Nation is located on Bear Island in Lake Temagami  in northeastern Ontario, on the Quebec border, 400 kilometers north of Toronto.  

The Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point First Nation are on the south side of Lake Huron, approx. 35 km northeast of Sarnia, in southwestern Ontario, near the Michigan border.  

Taykwa Tagamou Nation is an Ojibway and Cree First Nation  in Northern Ontario on the Abitibi River.  The historic English name was New Post First Nation in reference to a HBC trading post. 

Gull Bay First Nation is located 175 km (109 miles) north of Thunder Bay, Ontario.  The historic English name for the band was Nipigon House or Fort Nipigon.

Fort William First Nation is located south of Thunder Bay, Ontario, on the north shore of Lake Superior, at the foot of Mt. McKay. 

 Cat Lake First Nation reserve roughly 180 km northwest of Sioux Lookout in northwestern Ontario.   Cat Lake reserve was established in 1970, Prior the community belonged to the Osnaburgh Band of Ojibwe. 

Eagle Lake First Nation is approx.25 km southwest of the city of Dryden and 120 miles from the U.S border. Until 1915  the Eagle Lake community was part of the Wabigoon Lake Ojibway. 

Curve Lake First Nation is located in Peterborough County, Ontario, with  three reserves.  One is shared with the Hiawatha and Scugog Mississauga First Nations.  The name was change in 1964 from Mud Lake.

 The Saulteaux Pauingassi First Nation is located 280 km (170 mi) northeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba.  Pauingassi FN received separate reserve status in 1988 and was formally designated as a distinct First Nation in 1991.  Prior they were part of the Lilttle Grand Rapids community.

Little Saskatchewan First Nation is located in the Interlake Region of central Manitoba.  The were orginally named for the HBC  Riding Mountain House.

 The Turtle Mountain Reservation is located in Rolette County, North Dakota, 15 miles from Canadian border and includeds the town of Belcourt. 

Swan Lake First Nation is located in South Central Manitoba, at the junction of Highway #23 and #34. The main reserve is surrounded by the Municipality of Lorne.  The 1876 treaty one revision created the separate bands of Sandy Bay, Long Plain, and Swan Lake from the original community. 

The Chippewas of the Thames First Nation reserve is located on the north side of the Thames River roughly 24 km west of St. Thomas and 20 km southwest of London, in southwest Ontario.   

Sagamok First Nation is located on the north shore of Lake Huron, 120 km west of Sudbury, Ontario.   In 1900 is a part of the Spanish River band cand comprised of Ojibway, Ottawa, and Potowatamie peoples.  Their historic English name was the  Spanish River Band #5  until 1991.

Lac La Croix First Nation is located on the shores of Lac La Croix Lake near the Ontario-Minnesota border. 

The name comes from the voyageurs name for the lake Lake of the Cross.

Lac Seul First Nation is on the southeastern shores of Lac Seul, approx. 56 km northeast of Dryden and 38 km northwest of Sioux Lookout, in western Ontario.  The band has communities  at Frenchman's Head, Kejick Bay, and Whitefish Bay.

Michipicoten First Nation is at the mouth of the Michipicoten River on  the northeastern shore of Lake Superior in northern Ontario.

Gordon First Nation is a mixed Cree Saulteaux nation near the village of Punnichy, Saskatchewan.

Naicatchewenin First Nation on Rainy Lake near the Canada-U.S. border , approx. 60 km northwest of Fort Frances in northwest Ontario.  Formerlly called the Northwest Bay Bamd. 

Saulteaux Ebb and Flow First Nation is on the west side of Lake Manitoba in Manitoba.  Their historic English name is the  Bacon Ridge Band.  

Remote, non-status Namaygoosisagagun First Nation in on the north shore of Collins Lake, northwest of Lake Nipigon in northwest Ontario.  They are a 1850 Robinson Treaty nation.

The Saulteaux of the Keeseekoose First Nation is located 18 km north of Kamsack, Saskatchewan.  The band is named for  Chief Keeseekoose whos signed the treaty in 1875.

The Wabun Tribal Council is located in Timmins, Ontario. 

 "The Niiwin Wendaanimok (Four Winds) Partnership is an Indigenous-owned and operated corporation dedicated to providing construction, contracting, and environmental monitoring services in Treaty 3 territory. With a mandate to employ Anishinaabe workers"

©Niiwin Wendaanimok

Saulteaux people Wabauskang First Nation is approx. 70 km N of Vermilion Bay, Ontario.  The band was originally at Paa-kaa-aa-gaa-mon or Quibell railway stop, Ontario,  30 miles or 48 km south of Wabauskang. 

Wahnapitae First Nation on the north shore of Lake Wanapitei, north of the city of Sudbury, Ontario.  They were included in the 1850 Robinson treaty

 and was known historically as "Tahgaiwenene's Band".   "Wanapitei" is Ojibwe for "that place where the water is shaped like a molar tooth," 

Saulteaux community Pine Creek First Nation is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba, approx.110 km north of Dauphin. 

Lac des Mille Lacs First Nation has two reserves:  one near the northeastern shore of Lac des Mille Lacs lake while the other is at the confluence of the Seine and Firesteel Rivers. The First Nation's office is located on the Fort William First Nation reserve near the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario. 

Walpole Islaand First Nation  is located in southwestern Ontario, at the mouth of the St. Clair River on Lake St. Clair. It is  on the border between Ontario, Canada, and Michigan, USA.  

The Nishnawbe Aski Nation (NAN), represents 49 First Nations and is headquartered at Thunder Bay, Ontario.  

Seine River First Nation is located in  on Wild Potato Lake about 300 km west of Thunder Bay, Ontario.   The historic name for the nation was in French: Rivière la Seine Band.   

The Sault Tribe of Chippewa Indians are located in the eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, with their headquarters at the city of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. 

The Mississauga Nation logo has a feather representing each band of the Mississauga.

The Chippewas of Nawash First Nation reserv e is located on the Bruce Peninsula on the east shore of the Saugeen (Bruce) Peninsula along Georgian Bay. Ontario 

The Ojibway Nation of Saugeen First Nation is located shores of Kashawagama Lake, about 50 km northeast of Sioux Lookout, Ontario.  The historic name and the nation's leagal name is the  Chippewas of Saugeen.

The collective Saugeen Ojibway Nation (SON) includes the Saugeen First Nation and the Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation on the Bruce Peninsula.  


Mississauga First Nation reserve is at the mouth of the Mississagi River just west of Blind River in Ontario.

Mitaanjigamiing First Nation is located  16 km north of Fort Frances, Ontario, on Rainy Lake. It was formerly known as Stangecoming or Stanjikoming First Nation. The word means:  "Where the water goes into another lake - a very narrow channel"

 The Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation (MSIFN) live on Lake Scugog.

The Mississauga Hiawatha First Nation is located on the north shore of Rice Lake 30 km south of Peterborough, Ontario. 

The Grand Portage band of Lake Superior Chippewa is located in the extreme northeast corner of Minnesota, bordering Canada to the north,  Lake Superior to the south and east. 

Garden River First Nation is located near Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. 

The Rocky Boy Chippewa Cree Tribe is located in north-central Montana, near the Bear Paw Mountains and the Canadian border. 

Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians is located in west central Wisconsin.


Chapleau Ojibwe First Nation is located in Chapleau, Ontario with the main office at Sault Ste. Marie.  The Nation's historic English name is the New Brunswick House Band of Ojibway.

Fishing Lake First Nation is a Saulteaux community located to the south-east of Humboldt, Saskatchewan.  Orginally part of the  Yellow Quill band.  After the chief's death, the band divided into three tribes: the Fishing Lake First Nation, the Yellow Quill First Nation, and the Kinistin Saulteaux Nation.  Fishing was recognized in 1907. 

Big Grassy First Nation is located near the southeastern side of Lake of the Woods about 130 km northwest of Fort Frances, Ontario.  They and the Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation,are decendants of the former Assabaska Band of Saulteaux. 

 Alderville First Nation is  on the south side of Rice Lake, 21 km southwest of Peterborough, Ontario.  Historiically they had two names:   Mississaugas of Alnwick or the Alderville Indian Band.  

The Bois Forte Chippewa nation is in northern Minnesota with three locations: Nett Lake, Vermilion, and Deer Creek.  45 miles south of the Canadian border. 

The Sokaogon Band of Lake Superior Chippewa are in northeastern Wisconsin.  They were given a reservation in 1854 that they did not receive until 1937.

The Nipissing First Nation in located on Lake Nipissing, Ontario 

 The Saulteaux First Nation is 43 km north of North Battleford, Saskatchewan, near Cochin and Jackfish Lake, 

The Saulteaux people Sandy Bay First Nation is located on the western side of Lake Manitoba. Originally part of the Portage band their first reserve was on the Whitemud River. 

The Saulteaux  O'Chiese First Nation is located in Alberta, Canada, approx. 52 km northwest of Rocky Mountain House. 

The Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe is located in central Michigan near Mount Pleasant. 

The Aundeck Omni Kaning First Nation is located on the North Channel of Manitoulin Island in Ontario.   Their historic English name was the Ojibways of Sucker Creek. Their offical name change happened in 1999.  

The Chippewas of Rama First Nation is located in Rama, Ontario, on the east side of Lake Couchiching, about 90 miles north of Toronto, Ontario. 

 M'Chigeeng First Nation is located on Manitoulin Island in Northern Ontario.  It was historically known as the  West Bay  

The Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe is located in east-central Minnesota on the southern end of Mille Lacs Lake. In 1900 the offical name would have been the "Non-Removal Mille Lacs Chippewa Band".

 The Grand Portage band of Lake Superior Chippewa is located in the extreme northeast corner of Minnesota, The reservation is situated on the northern shore of Lake Superior, bordered by Canada. 

The Leech Lake Ojibwe reservation is located in north-central Minnesota 225 miles north of Minneapolis & St. Paul.  The historic name for the band is the Leech Lake Band of Chippewa. Indians. 

The Kinistin Saulteaux Nation is approx. 39 km (24 miles) southeast of Melfort in Saskatchewan.  Historically Kinistin Nation was part of the Yellow Quill Saulteaux Band until 1907.

The Keweenaw Bay Indian Community  is located on the Michigan Upper Peninsula by Lake Superior. 

The Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians is located in the northwestern part of Michigan's Lower Peninsula on the Grand Traverse Bay. 

The Saulteaux  Muscowpetung First Nation is located on the south-west side of Pasqua Lake in southern Saskatchewan, 31 km west of Fort Qu'Appelle.  The Nation was named for  Chief Muscowpetung, who led the tribe from 1880 until his death in 1915.

Ginoogaming First Nation is located on Long Lake in northwestern Ontario, near the town of Longlac. 

The Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa  is located in northern Wisconsin, at the tip of the Bayfield Peninsula on Lake Superior. 

The Caldwell First Nation is located in Leamington, Ontario, Canada, on the north shore of Lake Erie.  Historically Caldwell  First nation has had several names:  Chippewas of Pelee, the Point Pelee Indians, and Caldwell's band of Indians.  

The Saulteaux of Brokenhead Ojibway Nation are about 100 km north of Winnipeg, Manitoba on the Brokenhead River.

Batchewana First Nation is located in northern Ontario,along the eastern shore of Lake Superior with four reserves:   Goulais Bay, Obadjiwan, Rankin, and Whitefish Island.  The historic English name  is the  Batchewananny Bay and Goulais Bay Band of Indians or Batchewananny Band.

 Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa is on the south shore of Lake Superior in northern Wisconsin.

Rainy River First Nation is located in Emo, Ontario.  The main reserve is at Manitou Rapids on the Canada-U.S. border.  The British took the name from the French name for the lake the river drained into "Lac à la Pluie," or "Lake of the Rain".  

The Lac Vieux Desert Band of Chippewa Indian Community is in the western Upper Peninsula, near the Michigan-Wisconsin border, about 45 miles from Lake Superior.

 The Little Shell Chippewa community is located in Montana, with its offices in Great Falls. 

The Pic Mobert First Nation, now called Netmizaaggamig Nishnaabeg, is 53 km east of Marathon on White Lake in Northwestern Ontario.   In 1900 they were called Pic River.  They are one of the nations that did not sign the 1850 Robinson Treaty.

The White Earth Nation is located in northwestern Minnesota.  In 1900 the  collective bands at White Earth were referred to as the White Earth Band of Chippewa Indians.  In 1934, the White Earth Band became a member of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe that was formed.  The band  changed their identifiction to Ojibwe in 1989. 

The Bay Mills Indian Community is 25 miles west of Sault Ste. Marie in Brimley, Chippewa County Michigan.

Nigigoonsiminikaaning First Nation is located on Rainy Lake 40 km east of Fort Frances, Ontario.  Formerly  known as Red Gut First Nation. 

Lake Nipigon First Nation in northwest Ontario.

The Saulteaux people's Naotkamegwanning First Nation, formerly Whitefish Bay First Nation, is 96 km from Kenora, Ontario. 

Northwest Angle 33 First Nation  two main reserves: one at Angle Inlet on the north shore of Lake of the Woods  and another near Sioux Narrows.  There is no ground access to Angle Inlet when the lake is not frozen. 

Lac des Mille Lacs First Nation is located in Northwestern Ontario and unihabited due to flooding.

The Saulteaux Bloodvein First Nation is on the east side of Lake Winnipeg and along the Bloodvein River 235 km north of Winnipeg, Manitoba. 

 Wauzhushk Onigum First Nation is located on the north shore of Lake of the Woods, about two miles southeast of the city of Kenora in northwestern Ontario.  The historic English name was Rats Portage.  The Ojibwe name was Wazhashk-Onigam for"portage to the country of the muskrats". 

Wikwemikong Unceded Territory Indian Reserve  is located on the eastern peninsula of Manitoulin Island in Ontario.

Wasauksing First Nation is combined of the Ojibway, Ottawa and Pottawatomi people near Parry Sound on the east side of Lake Huron in Ontario.  They used to be called  Parry Island First Nation.

Whitesand First Nation is 235 km north of Thunder Bay and is road accessible.

The Saulteaux people of Wabauskang First Nation  are in northwestern Ontario,on the eastern side of Wabauskang Lake,  70 km north of Vermilion Bay and near the town of Ear Falls.  They and Grassy Narrows got their reserves in 1873.

Webequie First Nation on the northern peninsula of Eastwood Island on Winisk Lake, 540 km north of Thunder Bay. It is a fly-in community only accessible by air or a winter road.   Fort Hope First Nation  Webequie First Nation has an airfield,  known as Webequie Airport (IATA: YWP).    Treaty 9  included the Webequie band as part of Fort Hope First Nation.  The community gained independent recognition as a distinct First Nation in 1985 and full reserve status in 2001.

Roseau River First Nation is located in southern Manitoba, about 60 miles south of Winnipeg and near the US border. The main reserve is at the confluence of the Red and Roseau Rivers. 

Remote Dokis First Nation is on a peninsula and island in the French River, near Lake Nipissing 125 km from North Bay, Ontario.  

 Flying Post First Nation is 60 miles northwest of Timmins, Ontario, along the Ground Hog River.   The reserve lands were identified in 1905-6.  The nation was not recognized unitl the 1960s.

Animakee Wa Zhing #37 First Nation is  on Lake of the Woods at  Regina Bay and on Windigo Island.  The Nation's historic English name was  Northwest Angle 37 First Nation. The main office is near Sioux Narrows, while the Windigo Island community is located on the lake closer to the Manitoba and Minnesota borders.

Animbiigoo Zaagi'igan Anishinaabek (formerly Lake Nipigon Ojibway First Nation) reserve is located on Partridge Lake, the band office in the town of Beardmore in northwestern Ontario.

Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek, formerly Rocky Bay 1 First Nation, is located in Northwestern Ontario, 160 km northeast of Thunder Bay.   

The Ojibwe Oji-Cree Aroland First Nation is in Northern Ontario. 60 km north of Geraldton and 20 km west of Nakina. 

The Saulteaux people's Kahkewistahaw First Nation is 15 km north of the town of Broadview in the Qu'Appelle Valley, between Round Lake and Crooked Lake  in southern Saskatchewan.  The Nation takes it's name from Chief Kahkewistahaw who signed Treaty 4.

 

Shawanaga First Nation is 30 km northwest of Parry Sound and  150 kilometres southeast of Sudbury, in central Ontario. In 1900 the spelling  "Shawwaynaga" was used.  It has two reserves , Shawanaga 17 and  Naiscoutaing 17A.

The Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation is located on Georgina Island in Lake Simcoe, Ontario as well as  Snake and Fox Islands, and some mainland land near Sutton West and Virginia Beach. 

Atikameksheng Anishnawbek, formerly known as Whitefish Lake First Nation, is located on  Whitefish Lake, 20 km southwest of Sudbury in northern Ontario. 

Wahgoshig First Nation Abitibi Indian Reserve No. 70 is on the south end of Lake Abitibiin northeastern Ontario 45 km east of Matheson.  The historic English name for the nation was  Abitibi-Ontario Band of Abitibi.  In 2022 the nation chaned it's name to  Apitipi Anicinapek Nation.    

Remote Eabametoong First Nation is on the shore of Eabamet Lake in the Albany River system, 300 km northeast of Thunder Bay, accessible by airplane or winter/ice roads. The Eabametoong Nation operates Fort Hope Airport (IATA: YFH, ICAO: CYFH) 

Lac Simon First Nation is located on Lac Simon in Quebec, 32 km southeast of the city of Val-d'Or.

 Zhiibaahaasing First Nation is an Ottawa and Ojibwe community that has two reserves and was formerly known as the Cockburn Island First Nation with  land on both Manitoulin Island and the former Cockburn Island. 

Henvey Inlet First nation has reserves on Parry Sound and French River 13. west of Lake Huron.

Constance Lake First Nation is on the shores of Constance Lake and consists of two reserves: Constance Lake 92 and English River 66 in northeastern Ontario, near the town of Hearst.  The community is Cree, Oji-Cree and Ojibwe.

Couchiching First Nation is on the southwest shore of Rainy Lake, approximately two miles east of Fort Frances, Ontario.  it was formerly called the  Rainy Lake and River Bands of Saulteaux and the Fort Frances Band. 

The Bingwi Neyaashi Anishinaabek formerly known as Sand Point First Nation is on the south east shores of Lake Nipigon in northwestern Ontario 80 miles north of Lake Superior.

 The main reserve of the Beausoleil First Nation is on Christian Island, Ontario,  in southern Georgian Bay on Lake Heron 

Magnetawan First Nation is located in Ontario, about 6 km east of Georgian Bay, 40 minutes north of Parry Sound on Lake Heron near the Magnetawan River, which means "swiftly flowing waters" 

Saulteaux  Cowessess First Nation is located in southeastern Saskatchewan  160 km east of Regina.

The Saulteaux Sagkeeng First Nation is located sides of the mouth of the Winnipeg River at the southern end of Lake Winnipeg, 120 km north Winnipeg, Manitoba. 

 The Chippewas of Sarnia First Nation, are on the St. Clair River in the city of Sarnia in southwestern Ontario, They are just south of the southern tip of Lake Huron and directly across the border from Port Huron, Michigan.   

 The Saulteaux Pinaymootang First Nation is 240 kilometers northwest of Winnipeg, Manitoba. 

 Long Plain First Nation is in the central plains of Manitoba,  southwest of Portage la Prairie. 

 The Saulteaux Keeseekoowenin First Nation is also known as the Riding Mountain Band and is south of Riding Mountain National Park near Elphinstone, Manitoba, about 180 miles northwest of Winnipeg.  

The Saulteaux Dauphin River First Nation is located in Manitoba, at the outlet of the Dauphin River into Lake Winnipeg. 

The Saulteaux Wabigoon Lake First Nation is approx. 19 km southeast of Dryden in northwestern Ontario on both sides of  Wabigoon Lake.

The Saulteaux Buffalo Point First Nation is located in the southeastern corner of Manitoba, on a peninsula on the southern end Lake of the Woods. It is near the U.S. border, about a 20 miles from Warroad, Minnesota. 

Wabaseemoong Independent Nations: One Man Lake, Swan Lake, & White Dog are located in Northwestern Ontario, east of the Ontario-Manitoba border on the English River system,   about 120 km (75 miles) northwest of Kenora.  

The Saulteaux Poplar River First Nation is on the east side of Lake Winnipeg, at the mouth of the Poplar River in Manitoba. 

The Saulteaux Yellow Quill First Nation is located at Nut Lakes northwest of Kelvington, Saskatchewan.

The Red Rock Indian Band First Nation is on Lake Helen 100 km northeast of Thunder Bay, in Northwestern Ontario.

Berens River First Nation on the eastern shore of Lake Winnipeg at the mouth of the Berens River. approximately 270-300 kilometers north of Winnipeg, Manitoba.  

Muskoday First Nation is 19 km southeast of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. It is composed of Cree and Saulteaux peoples.

 Lake Manitoba First Nation Dog Creek 46 reserve is on the northeast side of the south basin of Lake Manitoba. 

Sagamok First Nation is on the north side of the North Channel of Lake Huron approx. 120 km west of Sudbury, in northeast Ontario.  They were formerly the Spanish River band that signed the Robinson treaty. 

The Saulteaux Washagamis First Nation is on the Lake of the Woods, approx. 15 km southwest of Kenora in northwestern Ontario.  I was formerly called the  Washagamis Bay Indian Band. 

Long Lake 58 First Nation on the north shore of Long Lake, 40 km east of Geraldton, Ontario. The Nation is immediately north of Ginoogaming First Nation.

Whitefish River First Nation is located on Birch Island of Georgian Bay in the Manitoulin District of Ontario, 25 km south of Espanola.

The Saulteaux O-Chi-Chak-Ko-Sipi First Nation reserve is Crane River 51 is on Lake Manitoba,  225 km northwest of Winnipeg, Manitoba. 

Matachewan First Nation is 30 km southeast of the town of Matachewan and 60 km west of Kirkland Lake, in northeast Ontario. 

The Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation reserve is located near Hagersville, in south central Ontario. 

Shoal Lake 40 First Nation is located on a man-made island in Shoal Lake, straddling the border between Ontario and Manitoba, 67 km southwest of Kenora, Ontario, and 200 km east of Winnipeg, Manitoba.  

 The Anishinaabeg of Naongashiing First Nation is on the southeast shore of Lake of the Woods, near Morson, Ontario.  The main reserve is Saug-a-gaw-sing No. 1. The historic English name for the Nation is "Big Island".

Brunswick House First Nation is an Ojibwe-Cree First Nation. The name comes from the Hudson's Bay Company post "New Brunswick House," on the Missinabi River,  2.5 miles southeast of Chapleau, Ontario.  

Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation, now known as Biigtigong Nishnaabeg  are located on the northern shore of Lake Superior at the mouth of the Pic River, near Marathon, Ontario. 

Mackinac Bands of Otttawa and Ojibwe.

Pays Plat First Nation  175 km east of Thunder Bay, Ontario on the North shore of Lake Superior.  The name is French for "flat land".

Thessalon First Nation is located near the town of Thessalon, along the North Channel of Lake Huron, 70 km east of Sault Ste. Marie.

Remote Neskantaga First Nation is on the south shore of Attawapiskat Lake. 400-50 km northeast of Thunder Bay, Ontario.  

Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation is a Saulteaux First Nation  near Nestor Falls, Ontario. They and the Big Grassy First Nation are decendants of the former Assabaska Band of Saulteaux. 

Grassy Narrows First Nation now also called  Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation,  is approx. 70 km northeast of Kenora, in northwestern Ontario.  They and  Wabauskang First Nation got their reserves in 1873.

Remote Beaverhouse First Nation northeast of Kirkland Lake on an island in the Misema River.  It is not vehicle accessable.  The Government recognized status in 2022. 

Remote Marten Falls First Nation is in northern Ontario, at the confluence of the Albany and Ogoki rivers. It is not vehicle accessible.  There was a trading post with the same name at there.

 Mattagami First Nation is between Timmins and Sudbury in Northern  Ontario, along the Mattagami River.  The main reserve, Mattagami 71, is near the town of Gogama. 

Sand Point First Nation now also called  The Bingwi Neyaashi Anishinaabek  located on the south east side of Lake Nipigon 74 miles north of Thunder Bay, Ontario.

The Saulteau First Nations' treaty land was determined by Treaty 8 in 1914, and is extensive including areas in Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and the Northwest Territories.  The main reserve is Moberly Lake (IR #169) in northeastern British Columbia. 

The Burt Lake Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians is located in the northernmost region of Michigan's Lower Peninsula.  They had federal recognition but lost it. Orginally known as the Cheboiganing Band of Ottawa & Chippewa Indians.  

Gabekanaang Anishinaabeg/Warroad Chippewa.  The Kah-bay-kah-nong band at Warroad, MN has no official status in the state of Minnesota.  They have never moved or been relocated by the govenment.




Mackinac Bands of Chippewa and Ottawa Indians, unrecognized in Michigan.

 The Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa is located in northeastern Minnesota near the city of Cloquet. 

Sheguiandah First Nation is  on Manitoulin Island, Ontario. 

Gallery #6: Markers & plaques, snapshots to history.


Fort Chippewa was built in 1791 at the southern terminus of the Niagria portage and was named for the people living there. 


"Before the Ojibwe" plaque in  the Circle of Time Monument.  "Donated by Ringle Endowment Fund of the Walker Area Foundation in honor of the
Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe".     ©Cosmos Mariner, 

Plaque for the 1785 Treaty of Fort McIntosh.  It was the first treaty the Chippewa people signed with the U.S. Government.

©Ohio Historical Society

Plaque showing the lands involved in the 1785 Treaty of Fort McIntosh.  It was the first treaty the Chippewa people signed with the U.S. Government.

©Ohio Historical Society

1805 Fort Industry treaty signing plaque at Toledo, Ohio.

 ©Dale K. Benington 

Treaty of Greene Ville 1795 brass  marker mentioning the Chippewa.

 ©Ohio State Historical Society

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Harvesting the wind, the sun, the rivers, and wild rice:

WIND & SUN or Noodin & Giizis

* Alderville First Nation has a 5 megawatt solar farm on 45 acres.

* Batchewana First Nation Bow Lake Wind Facility 36 turbines

* Cowessess First Nation 36 turbines plus the Awasis Solar Project

* Fond du Lac band solar farm

* Gull Bay First Nation solar micro grid

* Harvey Inlet First Nation 300MW Windfarm is the largest First Nation farm in Canada with 87 turbines. 

* Leech Lake band solar farm sits on 681 acres.

* M'Chigeeng Wind Farm, 2 turbines 

* Mille lacs reservation solar garden

* Red Lake Nation 2 turbines and a solar array

* Saulteau First Nations , Taylor Wind project, Sukunka Wind project

* Walpole Island First Nation:  Belle River and North Kent 75 turbines


HYDROELECTRIC:

* Biigtigong Nishnaabeg First Nation is a partner to three projects: the 13.5 MW Wawatay generating station on the Black River, the 5.0 MW Twin Falls generating station and the 23.0 MW Umbata Falls generating station. 


WILD RICE  "manoomin" :

*  Bois Forte Band of Chippewa

*  Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

*  Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa 

*  Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe

*  Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe

*  Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

*  Sokaogon Chippewa Community 

*  Grand Traverse Band ot ottawa and Chippewa

*  Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe 

*   The Chippewas of Rama First Nation

*  Beausoleil First Nation

*  Hiawatha First Nation

*  Curve Lake First Nation

*  Alderville First Nation

*  Mississaugas of Scugog Island

*  Chippewas of Georgina Island. 


The Michigan Legislature passed HB 4854 designating Manoomin (wild rice) the State Native Grain in November 2023.  Michigan has lost the vast majority of it's rice beds and is working to reverse the loss for it's tribes.


FDL Wild Rice program  http://ww.fdlrezk12.com/RM/wildrice.htm


The White Earth reservation encompasses all of Mahnomen County in Minnesota.


 © Harvey Inlet FN


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Pierre Bottineau

 Pierre Bottineau was the son of a Saulteaux mother, Margaret Ah-dik-Songab (Clear Sky), and, Charles Joseph Bottineau, a French-Canadian fur harvesting father.   His mother was the sister of Chief Red Bear of the Pembina band.   He was raised near St. Boniface, now Winnipeg, Manitoba.  He was famous and respected as a scout, guide, and translator. He is reported to have been able to speak: French, Ojibbway, Dakota, Assiniboine, Plains Cree, Mandan, Winnebago and English.  He was reported to have been born in 1817 on the Red River of the North at Bear Point, near the mouth of the Turtle River.  One of his sons served in Co. F 5th Minnesota during the Civil War.  During 1863-4 Pierre served as a guide and a scout for General Sibley against the Sioux.  Minnesota Govenor Ramsey, Oregon Governor Steven, and the Northern Pacific RR all engaged his service.   He acted as the translator for the Pembina band at their 1863 Treaty. There is no record that he was ever engaged by the Crown.  His first travels were to carry messages for the American Fur Co. from Selkirk to Prairie du Chien in 1830.  A mere 690 mile trek as a teenager. After that he delivered messages for the HBC. He was married twice and fathered over 20 children.  In 1863 he translated for the 1863 Red Lake Pembina treaty.  In 1876 he led 70 French and Saulteaux Metis familys to found the town of Red Lake Falls, Minnesota. Other towns he founded were Osseo, Maple Grove, Breckenridge, Minnesota and Wahpeton, North Dakota  He later was labeled the "Kit Carson of the Northwest,"  Some called him the "Walking Peace Pipe".  It's sticking out of his pocket in the image.   In 1879 the U.S. granted him a pension for his service. His son, Jean Baptiste, practiced law and was the Turtle Mountain Chippewa legal council for 20 years in claims against the government. In his obiturary his daughter wrote:  He was a strong and consistent advocate of a liberal education for the Indian of today,—industrial, technical, professional, and moral. He strongly approved and supported the policy of the U. S. Indian Office in maintaining such schools for the education of the Indian as that at Carlisle, Pennsylvania.Contributed by Mrs. Marie L. Baldwin (née Bottineau) in memory of her father."  She became the first female lawyer in the United States. Jean Baptiste provided legal assistance to at least one student from Turtle Mountain to gain admittance ro Carlisle.

https://www.metismuseum.ca/media/db/11974

https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/95652352/jean_baptiste-bottineau

https://carlisleindian.dickinson.edu/sites/default/files/docs-documents/NARA_RG75_91_b2214_01282.pdf

https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/SERIALSET-02605_00_00-429-3127-0000/pdf/SERIALSET-02605_00_00-429-3127-0000.pdf

                   Pierre Bottineau,  wikipedia

A-wum-ne-wa-be & King Louis Phillippe I

1845 Silver King Louis Phillippe 51mm medal. The King ordered medals be made for the 12 Walpole Island Ojibbeway with George Catlin. Two gold for the Chiefs and silver for the others. This medal was found in the collection of the Gilcrease Museum in doing the writing for this website. They did not know it's history and simply labeled it as "unidentified donative medal". It is engraved "A-wun-ne-wa-be" for "Bird of Thunder". Smithsonian.

 ©Gilgrease Museum

A-wun-ne-we-be. Bird of Thunder, George Catlin, Painted at the request of the King of France, Louis Phillippe I, 1845, Paris France along with 14 other other paintings. Now at the Smithsonian

wikicommons

The King had each medal personalized, with recepient's name engraved. This is the one the King gave A-wun-ne-wa-be.

 ©Gilgrease Museum


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