Page 7 Tribal index &more

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Niimi or Dance:

O’Chiese Saulteaux Nation Pow wow Arbour

The structure was disassembled and reconstructed in 2023. O'Chiese 203 Indian reserve is approximately 52 km northwest of Rocky Mountain House, Alberta. Capacity is 2,000 people ©LOLA Architecture

The Ojibwa Dance Drum, Thomas Vennum, Jr, Smithsonian Folklife Studies Number 2 , 1982 file:///C:/Users/Owner/Downloads/SCFS-0002-Lo_res%20(4).pdf

"In the way back of the Anishinabe they made their first drum with moosehide."

https://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/Buffalo/PB23.html

POW WOW

White Earth Nation 2024

©Kelli Gowder

When Europeans first made contact with the Chippewa - Ojibwa they had dances for many things. The Midewiwin dance was one the most important to the South Eastern and South Western Chippewa as well as the Saulteaux. It was preformed in late spring and again in the early fall. However, later, the mid June Sun dance became more important for the Saulteaux. Other dances were the Grass, Dream, Pipe, Bear, Ghost, Scalp, and War ( Nandobaniishimowin ). The Sun and Ghost dance are generally associated with the tribes of the plains. The Saulteaux adopted both.

Muscowpetung Saulteaux Nation Pow wow Arbour

The first Pow Wow was held August 2025 on their reserve approximately 70 km northeast of Regina, Saskatchewan. Capacity is 2,500 people.

©Louise BigEagle · CBC News

Today Pow Wows fall into two categories: Traditional or Competitive. The "Traditional" tends to be smaller and a localized event. While the "Competitive" tends to be larger with judging, prizes, and dance categories.

Dewe'igan = DRUM

Interiour view of the 60 meter Pow wow field and seating area. ©LOLA Architecture

1898 The Indian Agent persuaded the Mille Lacs band to attend the huge "illegal" White Earth Pow Wow along with the Leech Lake and Red Lake band's delegations as well as some Sioux from South Dakota. A Chippewa Pow Wow, Little Falls Weekly Transcript, June 14, 1898, p.8 Minnesota Digital Newa Paper Hub.

1904 There was a 5 day "illegal" Pow Wow at Hayward, Wisconsin that included the Ghost Dance. Many traditional games were played. One of the prizes was a British flag taken at Fort Mackinac in 1812. https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85042792/1904-10-06/ed-1/?sp=3&q=Chippewa+pow+wow&r=0.09,0.533,0.466,0.237,0

1937 International Falls Elk Lodge 1599 arranged through the Ontario Indian Agent for the Manitou Rapids band to put on a 3 day Pow Wow for the Minnesota Elks State Convention.

"Elks are Ready for a Conclave," The Eveleth News, August 5, 1937, p.3, Minnesota Digital Newapaper Hub

AMERICAN INDIAN POW WOWS, Smithsonian

https://folklife.si.edu/online-exhibitions/american-indian-powwows/history/smithsonian

JINGLE DRESS DANCERS

https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/jingledress

Ni-mi-win = POW WOW

Turtle dodem, Strongheart Civic Center of the Grand Traverse Band of the Chippewa and Ottawa Indians. 2001 architect Douglas J. Cardinal (Canadian Blackfoot)

©Kathryn Bishop Eckert

In 1883 Congress banned all Native dances and ceremonies, including the Sun and Ghost Dance. Anti-dancing directives continued to be issued into the 1920s. In 1933 John Collier was appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs. He removed the ban on native dance. The ban was never successful. The Native Americans never gave up their culture some did it in secret, others were discrete, while others did it in public and were paided to preform. The Jingle dress was born during the ban for the purpose of healing. It's existence is a symbol of the resilence of the nation.

In 1911 Treaties 4 & 6 Tribes in Canada argued that the right to traditional dances, music, and festivals was preserved and protected in their treaties. After hearing their arguements, the government decided to clarify Section 114 of the Indian Act, allowing tribes in those treaties to have Pow wows. However, the 1914 Indian Act still maintained restrictions in other regions Canada.

"The dream dance of the Chippewa and Menominee Indians of northern Wisconsin" The Chippewa Dream Dance is said to be related to the Ghost Dance of the plains. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee, 1911, pp. 251-406. S. A. Barrett.

Interiour view of the new Muscowpetung Saulteaux Nation Pow Wow Arbor.

©Louise BigEagel CBC News

The Dream Dance of the Chippewa and Menominee Indians of Northern Wisconsin. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee, Vol. I Article 4, S.A. Barrett, 1911 https://archive.org/details/dreamdancechipp00barrgoog/page/n1/mode/1up?view=theater

*The Saulteaux version of the Sun Dance is the Thirsty Dance or "Nibaagweshimowin".

* Giizhigomakwawininigag: The Dance of the Sky Bear people

* Wabenoh Morning Dance: preformed before noon in southern Ontario.

* Hunting or Bear Dance

* War dance or bwaazhii-niimi

* Womans(Squaw) Dance or ikwe-niimi

* Feather Dance

George Catlin recorded seeing the * Beggars Dance, the * Buffalo, *Bear and * Eagles Dances. Catlin commented that the * Dance of the Braves was beautiful.

Children had their versions of the Woman's(Squaw), Rabbit, and Side Dances.

Dances that the Chippewa adopted from other tribes included the Fish, Snake, Deer, Horse, Corn, Sun and Ghost.

DANCE p. 113-4, Smithsonian: Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 146, 1951

Pow Wow Dance or Niimi'idiwin:

White Earth Nation Men's traditional dancer,

©Crazy Crow Trading Post

Opening of the 151st White Earth Nation Pow wow.

Even though the dance ban was lifted it wasn't until the activism of the 1960's lead to the resurgence of the Pow Wow on reservations and the spread of the Jingle dress to other nations.

©Crazy Crow Trading Post

2024 Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians Pow Wow.

©Visit Widget

John Hupfield, of the Wasauksing First Nation doing the Grass dance.

©Nick Iwanyshyn

151st White Earth Pow Wow opening. Dates to 1868, when the White Earth reservation was created. Jingle dancers at White Earth in 2019.

©Crazy Crow Trading Post

Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians

©Visit Widget

Saulteaux First Nation Indian Relay Race 2018

Indian Relay, as racers call it, is the extreme horse racing sport that has been taking place in the United States for decades, and only recently started spreading north of the border after being introduced at the North American Indigenous Games and the Calgary Stampede in 2017." A rider needs to change mounts three times in race at full gallop. The rider pictured is Cree and national champion. The Saulteaux First Nation in Saskatchewan is represented by the Poitras Relay team. The team is featured in the documentary series "Horse Warriors" and is available for streaming on APTN lumi. O'Chiese First Nation has hosted races. Cote First Nation fielded a team in 2025. Turtle Mountain has hosted races on their Chippewa Downs. The Bois Forte band had a team in 2018, the Brown Bois.

A team has four people:

A rider, who races each horse bareback.
A mugger, who catches the incoming horse after each lap.
Two holders, who hold the new horses for the exchanges.

Niki Gashing Goodwin of the White Earth Nation was inducted into the North American Indigenous Athletics Hall of Fame in 2023 as a professional thoroughbred rider.

Reserves & Reservations of the Ojibwa Chippewa peoples:

Canada:

QUEBEC:

* Eagle Village First Nation or Kebaowek First Nation, Kipawa Indian Reserve (Reserve Number 110).

* Lac-Simon Reserve (Simosagigan) (Indian Reserve 168)

MANITOBA:

* Barren Lands First Nation, Brochet Reserve No. 197

* Berens River First Nation ( Berens River 13 and Pigeon River 13A )

* Bloodvein First Nation IR Bloodvein 12

* Brokenhead First Nation 4

* Buffalo Point First Nation ( Buffalo Point Reserve 36) Reed River (Reserve 36A)

* Dauphin River First Nation 48A

* Keeseekoowenin Ojibway First Nation, ( (IR) 61, IR 61A, and IR 61B )

* Little Grand Rapids First Nation

* Little Saskatchewan First Nation

* Long Plain First Nation ( Long Plain Reserve No. 6)

* Pauingassi First Nation

* Peguis 1B Reserve (Peguis Reserves 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H, and 1I, and St. Peters Fishing Station 1A)

* Pinaymootang First Nation ( Fairford 50 Reserve)

* Poplar River First Nation ( Poplar River Reserve 16)

* Roseau River Anishinabe First Nation ( Roseau River Reserve No. 2,

Roseau Rapids 2A and Roseau River 2B)

* Sandy Bay Ojibway First Nation (Indian Reserve# 5)

* Shoal Lake #40 First Nation (Reserve # 40)

* Swan Lake First Nation (Swan Lake Reserve 7 or IR 7)

ONTARIO:

* Aamjiwnaang First Nation (Chippewas of Sarnia First Nation) Sarnia Indian Reserve 45

* Agency Reserve No 30 & No. 1

* Alderville First Nation Alderville Indian Reserve 37 (Sugar Island 37A)

* Animbiigoo Zaagi’igan Anishinaabek (Lake Nipigo Reserve) Lake Nipigon Indian Reserve Gull River 55,

* Animikee Wa Zhing 37 First Nation (Northwest Angle 37 First Nation)

* Anishinaabe of Naongashiing First Nation (Big Island Reserve) Big Island Mainland 93 , Saug-a-gaw-sing No. 1

* Aroland settlement (briefly Aroland 83 Indian Reserve)

* Assabaska Band of Saulteaux Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation Sabaskong Bay 35D and 35E

* Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation (Grassy Narrows) ( English River Indian Reserve 21 )

* Aundeck Omni Kaning First Nation, Ojibways of Sucker Creek

* Batchewana First Nation of Ojibways (Obadjiwan Reserve 15E)

(Goulais Bay 15A) ( Rankin Reserve 15D) (Whitefish Island Reserve 15)

* Beaverhouse First Nation (First Nation lacking federal recognition)

* Beausoleil First Nation (Christian Island)

* Big Grassy River First Nation (Big Grassy River 35G)

* Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek Rocky Bay 1 reserve

* Bingwi Neyaashi Anishinaabek First Nation Sand Point Reserve

* Biigtigong Nishnaabeg (Pic River First Nation)

* Bkejwanong Territory, Walpole Island First Nation

* New Brunswick House Band of Ojibway (originally New Brunswick House 76) (Mountbatten 76A and Duck Lake 76B)

* Caldwell First Nation or "the Chippewas of Point Pelee"

* Chapleau Ojibway First Nation, (Chapleau 61A, Chapleau 74, and 74A)

* Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation ( Reserve No. 27 )

* Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation (33 reserve and 33A reserve Chippewa Island)

* Chippewas Of Rama First Nation ( Mnjikaning First Nation 32 Indian Reserve )

* Chippewas of Kettle and Stoney Point First Naation- Kettle Point 44

* Chippewa Of The Thames First Nation 42

* Constance Lake First Nation 92 English River Band 92 and (English River 66)

* Couchiching First Nation 16A

* Curve Lake First Nation ( Mud Lake Band 35)

* Dokis First Nation, (Dokis Indian Reserve No. 9)

* Eabametoong First Nation (Fort Hope Reserve)

* Eagle Lake First Nation, Eable Lake 27 Reserve

* Fort William First Nation, Fort William Indian Reserve 52

* Flying Post First Nation ( Flying Post No. 73 )

* French River 13

* Ginoogaming First Nation ( Long Lake Reserve #77 )

* Garden River First Nation ( Garden River 14 )

* Ginoogaming First Nation (former Long Lake 77 First Nation)

* Gull Bay First Nation ( Gull River 55 Indian Reserve )

* Henvey Inlet First Nation (Reserve No. 13)(Reserve No. 2)

* Indian River Reserve (Chippewas of Rama First Nation formerly- the Coldwater-Narrow reserve 32 for the Chippewas of Lakes Simcoe and Huron.

* Lac Des Mille Lacs First Nation ( 22A1 and 22A2 )

* Lac La Croix First Nation (Neguaguon Lake Indian Reserve 25D)

* Lac La Croix Sturgeon Lake Indian Reserve 24C was incorporated into Quetico Provincial Park.

* Long Lake #58 First Nation

* Magnetawan First Nation (Magnetawan No. 1 Reserve)

* Marten Falls First Nation ( Marten Falls 65 )

* Matachewan First Nation (Indian Reserve #72 )

* Michipicoten First Nation (Gros Cap 49)

* Mississaga First Nation (Mississagi River 8 Reserve)

* Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation ( New Credit 40A )

* Manitou Rapids Reserve No. 11

* Mattagami First Nation (has no reserve number assigned)

* Mississaugas Of Scugog Island First Nation (Indian Reserve #34)

* Mississauga of Hiawatha First Nation (Indian Reserve 15)

* Namaygoosisagagun First Nation (First Nation lacking federal recognition)

* Neskantaga First Nation (formerly Lansdowne House First Nation,Neskantanga Indian Reserve)

* Netimizaagamig Nishnaabeg (formerly Pic Mobert First Nation-South Reserve No. 127) (formerly Pic Mobert First Nation-North, Reserve No. 126)

* Neyaashiinigmiing First Nation ( Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation Indian Reserve 27)

* Naotkamegwanning First Nation Saulteaux's (Whitefish Bay 32A) (Yellow Girl Bay 32B) ( Sabaskong Bay 32C)

* Nibinamik First Nation ( reserve number 241)

* Nigigoonsiminikaaning (Red Gut) First Nation (Rainy Lake 26A), (Rainy Lake 26B), (Rainy Lake 26C), and (Agency 1).

* Niisaachewan Anishinaabe First Nation (The Dalles Indian Reserve 38C) Agency Indian Reserve 30)

* Nipissing First Nation (The Dulles Indian Reserve 38 C, and Agency Indian Reserve 30)

* Northwest Angle #33

* Obabikong Reserve (Big Grassy First Nation 35 B)

* Ojibways of Onigaming First Nation( Sabaskong Bay 35C, Sabaskong Bay 35D, Sabaskong Bay 35F, Sabaskong Bay 35H,

* Obashkaandagaang Bay First Nation ( Washagamis Bay, formerly O'Bash'Kaan'Da'Gaang(38A) Wauzhusk Onigum (Rat Portage-38B) Niisaachewaan (Dalles-38C)

* Ojibway Nation Of Saugeen, Chippewas of Saugeen ( Saugeen 29, Chief's Point 28, Saugeen HuntingGrounds 60A, Saugeen and Cape Croker Fishing Islands 1)

* Ojibways of Thessalon First Nation, Shippewwa of Thessalon (IR Thessalon 12)

* Pays Plat First Nation( Pays Plat 51)

* Point Grondine Park (Wikwemikong Unceded Territory, Indian Reserve Point Grondine 3)

* Rainy River First Nation (Manitou Rapids Indian Reserve No. 11)

* Red Rock Indian Band ( Red Rock 53 formerly Parmachene 53 and Lake Helen 53A)

* Rainy River First Nation ( Manitou Rapids 11 )

* Roseau River First Nation No. 2, 2A Roseau Rapids, 2 B Roseau River , formerly the Pembina Band of Chippewa

* Sagamok Anishnawbek, Spanish River Indian Reserve No. 5

* Chippewa of Saugeen First Nation 27, Chief's Point 28, Saugeen 29

(Hunting Grounds 60A) (Saugeen and Cape Croker Fishing Islands 1)

* Seine River First Nation ( Seine River 23A )

* Serpent River First Nation ( Serpent River 7 )

* Shawanaga First Nation (Reserve No. 17 and 17A)

* Sturgeon Lake Band of Rainy River Saulteaux (Sturgeon Lake Indian Reserve 24C delisted

* Taykwa Tagamou Nation Cree Ojibwa. ( New Post 69 and New Post 69A)

* Temagami First Nation ( Bear Island Indian Reserve No. 1 )

* Wabaseemoong Independent Nation (formerly Islington Indian Reserve 29, One Man Lake 29, Swan Lake 29, and Agency Indian Reserve 30, White Dog)

* Wabauskang First Nation Saulteaux ( Wabauskang 21 )

* Wabigoon Lake First Nation Saulteaux ( Wabigoon Lake 27 )

* Wahnapitae First Nation, (Wahnapitae Indian Reserve No. 11)

* Walpole Island First Nation ( Walpole Island 46 )

* Wasauksing First Nation ( Parry Island Reserve, formerly Old Massett Village Council )

* Wauzhushk Onigum First Nation ( Kenora 38B formerly Rat Portage 38B)

* Wahgoshig First Nation ( Abitibi No. 70 )

* Webequie First Nation ( Webequie Indian Reserve #240)

* Wikwemkoong First Nation, Manitoulin Unceded Indian Reserve, Indian Reserve #26

* Whitefish River First Nation (Whitefish River 4)

* WhiteSand First Nation (Indian Reserve 31)

* Zhiibaahaasing First Nation 19 and 19 A

SASKATCHAWAN:

* Cote First Nation Little Pine First Nation ( Reserve No. 64 )

* Cowessess First Nation (Reserve 73, Reserve 73 A and Reserve Grounds 77)

* Fishing Lake First Nation ( Fishing Lake Indian Reserve No. 89 that has now been devided in smaller reserves)

* Kahkewistahaw First Nation (Saulteaaux Cree) (Reserve 74 plus 14 others)

* Muscowpetung Saulteaux Nation 80

* Saulteaux First Nation (the Saulteaux at Jackfish Lake) Saulteaux Indian Reserve 159

ALBERTA:

* O'Chiese First Nation ( O'Chiese 203 and O'Chiese Cemetery 203A )

BRITISH COLUMBIA;

* The Saulteaux First Nations ( West Moberly Lake No. 168A ans East Moberly Lake 169

Janet Leonard, Manitou Rapids Reserve 11, Saulteau jingle dancer, 1933, by Ruth Landes. wikicommons

Gallery #6: Markers & plaques, snapshots to history.

Fort Chippewa was built in 1791 at the southern terminus of the Niagria portage and was named for the people living there.

"Before the Ojibwe" plaque in the Circle of Time Monument. "Donated by Ringle Endowment Fund of the Walker Area Foundation in honor of the
Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe". ©Cosmos Mariner,

Plaque for the 1785 Treaty of Fort McIntosh. It was the first treaty the Chippewa people signed with the U.S. Government.

Plaque showing the lands involved in the 1785 Treaty of Fort McIntosh. It was the first treaty the Chippewa people signed with the U.S. Government.

1805 Fort Industry treaty signing plaque at Toledo, Ohio.

Treaty of Greene Ville 1795 brass marker mentioning the Chippewa.

Harvesting the wind, the sun, the rivers, and wild rice:

WIND & SUN or Noodin & Giizis

* Alderville First Nation has a 5 megawatt solar farm on 45 acres.

* Batchewana First Nation Bow Lake Wind Facility 36 turbines

* Cowessess First Nation 36 turbines plus the Awasis Solar Project

* Fond du Lac band solar farm

* Gull Bay First Nation solar micro grid

* Harvey Inlet First Nation 300MW Windfarm is the largest First Nation farm in Canada with 87 turbines.

* Leech Lake band solar farm sits on 681 acres.

* M'Chigeeng Wind Farm, 2 turbines

* Mille lacs reservation solar garden

* Red Lake Nation 2 turbines and a solar array

* Saulteau First Nations , Taylor Wind project, Sukunka Wind project

* Walpole Island First Nation: Belle River and North Kent 75 turbines

HYDROELECTRIC:

* Biigtigong Nishnaabeg First Nation is a partner to three projects: the 13.5 MW Wawatay generating station on the Black River, the 5.0 MW Twin Falls generating station and the 23.0 MW Umbata Falls generating station.

WILD RICE "manoomin" :

* Bois Forte Band of Chippewa

* Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

* Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

* Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe

* Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe

* Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

* Sokaogon Chippewa Community

* Grand Traverse Band ot ottawa and Chippewa

* Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe

* The Chippewas of Rama First Nation

* Beausoleil First Nation

* Hiawatha First Nation

* Curve Lake First Nation

* Alderville First Nation

* Mississaugas of Scugog Island

* Chippewas of Georgina Island.

The Michigan Legislature passed HB 4854 designating Manoomin (wild rice) the State Native Grain in November 2023. Michigan has lost the vast majority of it's rice beds and is working to reverse the loss for it's tribes.

FDL Wild Rice program http://ww.fdlrezk12.com/RM/wildrice.htm

The White Earth reservation encompasses all of Mahnomen County in Minnesota.

A-wum-ne-wa-be & King Louis Phillippe I

1845 Silver King Louis Phillippe 51mm medal. The King ordered medals be made for the 12 Walpole Island Ojibbeway with George Catlin. Two gold for the Chiefs and silver for the others. This medal was found in the collection of the Gilcrease Museum in doing the writing for this website. They did not know it's history and simply labeled it as "unidentified donative medal". It is engraved "A-wun-ne-wa-be" for "Bird of Thunder". Smithsonian.

A-wun-ne-we-be. Bird of Thunder, George Catlin, Painted at the request of the King of France, Louis Phillippe I, 1845, Paris France along with 14 other other paintings. Now at the Smithsonian

wikicommons

Chippewa / Ojibwe History

Niimi or Dance:

O’Chiese Saulteaux Nation Pow wow Arbour

POW WOW

Muscowpetung Saulteaux Nation Pow wow Arbour

Ni-mi-win = POW WOW

Gallery #4: War, Pipe, Scalp, Snowshoe, Sun, Jingle Dances & Pow Wows

Pow Wow Dance or Niimi'idiwin:

Opening of the 151st White Earth Nation Pow wow.

Saulteaux First Nation Indian Relay Race 2018

Reserves & Reservations of the Ojibwa Chippewa peoples:

Canada:

United States:

THE JINGLE DRESS or ZHIIBAASHKA'IGAN: in the upper picture

Ponemah, at Red Lake. Roland Reed. wikicommons

Gallery #5: Chippewa Ojibwa Tribal Logos.

Gallery #6: Markers & plaques, snapshots to history.

Harvesting the wind, the sun, the rivers, and wild rice:

A-wum-ne-wa-be & King Louis Phillippe I

A-wun-ne-we-be. Bird of Thunder, George Catlin, Painted at the request of the King of France, Louis Phillippe I, 1845, Paris France along with 14 other other paintings. Now at the Smithsonian

The King had each medal personalized, with recepient's name engraved. This is the one the King gave A-wun-ne-wa-be.

Niimi or Dance:

O’Chiese Saulteaux Nation Pow wow Arbour

POW WOW

Muscowpetung Saulteaux Nation Pow wow Arbour

Ni-mi-win = POW WOW

Gallery #4: War, Pipe, Scalp, Snowshoe, Sun, Jingle Dances & Pow Wows

Pow Wow Dance or Niimi'idiwin:

Opening of the 151st White Earth Nation Pow wow.

Saulteaux First Nation Indian Relay Race 2018

Reserves & Reservations of the Ojibwa Chippewa peoples:

Canada:

United States:

THE JINGLE DRESS or ZHIIBAASHKA'IGAN: in the upper picture

Ponemah, at Red Lake. Roland Reed. wikicommons

Gallery #5: Chippewa Ojibwa Tribal Logos.

Gallery #6: Markers & plaques, snapshots to history.

Harvesting the wind, the sun, the rivers, and wild rice:

A-wum-ne-wa-be & King Louis Phillippe I

A-wun-ne-we-be. Bird of Thunder, George Catlin, Painted at the request of the King of France, Louis Phillippe I, 1845, Paris France along with 14 other other paintings. Now at the Smithsonian

The King had each medal personalized, with recepient's name engraved. This is the one the King gave A-wun-ne-wa-be.

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