Andersonville & Michigan's Chippewa & Ottawa

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1861 CHIEF HOLE- IN-THE-DAY OFFERED THE U.S. ARMY 100 WARRIORS UPON HEARING OF THE ATTACK ON FORT SUMPTER

 1892 U.S. Army goes to White-Earth and Leech-Lake to raise a Regiment of Chippewa.[237]

Spanish American War[238][239] [240] A full blood Wisconsin Civil War veteran Louis Beche, offered President McKinley a band of 500 Lake Superior Chippewa warriors.[241]

1916  The British Commonwealth began awarding a brass "Wound Stripe" for combat injuries.  It was worn vertically on the left forearm of the uniform

 WWI AWARDS[242](Canada information is difficult to locate) 

   *  Issac Akiwenzie, DCM Distinguished Conduct Medal KlA,Saugeen First Nation

   *  Leslie Akiwenzie, DCM Distinguished Conduct Medal KIA,Saugeen First Nation

   *  Pvt. William J. Ashmun,  French Croix-de-Guerre with gilt star, Bad-River Band[243][24]

   *  Pvt. Aus. Beaver, KIA, Alderville First Nation

   *  Pvt. Frank J. Bell, French Croix-de-Guerre, Distinguished Service Cross,  White-Earth Band

  *  Charles Bellecourt, Croix de Guerre Fourragare, Croix de Guerre     with 2 palm Fourragare, Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star Fourragare, White Earth Band

  *  Pvt. Chas. J. Bellecourt, USMC  Purple Heart, White-Earth Band

  * Pvt. William Blaker, KIA,  Alderville First Nation

  *  Pvt. Jos. Blaker,  KIA, Alderville Fist Nation

  *  Pvt. Vic. Blaker,KIA,  Alderville First Nation  

  *  William J. Bluesky, Silver Star, Lac-Courte-Oreilles Band 

  *  Leo Bouchard, DMC,  Nipigon First Nation

  *  Pvt. Alfred Chartrand, KIA  Watter Hen band, now the Skownan First Nation 

  *  Fred Clay, Croix de Guerre, Saginaw band

  *   Pvt. Samson Comego, Sniper KIA 1914-15 Star, British War Medal and Victory Medal, Chief of the Alderville First Nation

  *  Pvt. Peter Comego Sniper ,  1914-15 Star, British War Medal and Victory Medal,  Alderville First Nation

  *  William Franklin, KIA, Alderville Fist Nation

  *  Sgt. James M. Gordon, French Croix-de-Guerre, Red-Cliff Band

  *  Cpl. Rodney Graham, Purple Heart, POW, Oklahoma Chippewa

  *  Pvt. Patrick Granboise, KIA, Roseau River First Nation

  *  Pvt. Pete Granboise, KIA , Roseau River First Nation

  *  Pvt. William Hager, KIS, Alderville First Nation

  *  Pvt. Andrew Haverkamey, Purple Heart, White-Earth Band

  *  Pvt. Christie Houle,  Purple Heart, Fond-du-Lac Band

  *  Billie Johnson, KIA, Curve Lake First Nation

  *  Pvt. David Kejick, Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM),  Chief Shoal-      Lake First Nation

  *  Sgt. Joseph P. LaJeunesse, Distinguished Service Cross, Purple Heart. It    has been contended that Sgt. LaJeunesse was denied a Medal of Honor because he was Native American.[245]  White-Earth Band

  *  Pvt.  Alfred J.LeBlanc,  Purple Heart, KIA, Bay Mills Chippewa

  *  Frank Mchaud, Purple Heart KIA, Leech Lake band

  *  David Munnell, Purple Heart KIA, Leach Lake band

  *  L/Cpl. Johnson Paudash Sniper, Military Medal, Distinguished Service Medal,  grandson of the last Mississauga Sachem, Hiawatha First Nation

  *  Cpl.  Francis Pegahmagabow Sniper, Military Medal with 2 bars (3 awards), Chief Parry Island band, His medals and sniper rifle were donated to the Canadian War Museum.

  *  Cpl. Walter G. Sevalier,  Distinguished Service Cross, Bad-River Band 

  *  Pvt. A. Simpson, KIA, Alderville First Nation

  *  Pvt. Robert Tobigo, KIA, Alderville First Nation

  *  Isaac Taylor, KIA, Curve Lake First Nation

  *  Cpl.  Angus Oliver Teeple,  Silver Star, Bay-Mills band

  *  Pfc. John Philip Turpin, Purple Heart, White Earth band 

  *  Pvt. Lawrence A. Vizenor, Distinguished Service Cross, White-Earth Band

  *  Frank Vedernack, Purple Heart, Lac-du-Flambeau

 In 1916, 50 Ojibwa (Chippewa) of Nawash First Nation joined the 160th Canadian Infantry Battalion, 5 were KIA 14 were wounded.

The Lac Courte Oreilles band had 50 men in Co. D 107th  Ammunition Train of the 32nd Division.  The Company insignia was a black bear. 

52nd Canadian Light Infantry Battalion had nearly 100 Ojibwa from the Thunder Bay area.  At least six were given awards for valor.[176]  In total Canada had 247 Ojibwa, 420 Cree, and 665 Metis enlist for the war.

Modern Warriors of World War I, Erin Fehr, George S. Robb Centre for the Study of the Great War, Park University, Parkville, MO [243]

Between the world wars the 101st Airborne was headquartered in Wisconsin where it gained it's famous insignia.  It goes back to Chief Ahgamahwegezhig (Chief Sky) of the Lac-Flambeau band and the Civil War.[246]

USCGC Chippewa (1919) ex-USN tug 60 based at Sault Ste Marie.

WWII[247] 

1919  American Expeditionary Force North Russia,nicknamed the Polar Bear Expedition. Two Chippewa are known to have been in the 339th Infantry Regiment that was deployed there, Pvt. George Keschick(Michigan) and Pvt. Joseph St. Martin (Canada). 

In 1940, the 32nd Infantry Division recruited 17 Michigan and Wisconsin Oneida and Chippewa(FDL) for training as code talkers.[248]

When the WWII broke "the Lac-Oreille band had 100 men enlist". To the north "the Grand Portage band had nearly every abled bodied man volunteer".[163]

"A Chippewa Indian was furious when rejected [for military service] because he had no teeth. "I don't want to bite'em," he said, "I just want to shoot'em!"[163]

  *  Sgt. Tommy Prince (Brokenhead Ojibway Nation) volunteered for the First Special Service Force(FSSF) that the Germans called the Devils Brigade.[249] He received the: Military Medal (King George VI personally awarded), Silver Star, French Croix de Guerre with Silver-Gilt Star (unit award), Distinguished Unit Citation(Italy), and a U.S. Congressional Gold Medal. In addition, he received the British: 1939-1945 Star, Italy Star, France and Germany Star, Defence Medal (United Kingdom), Canadian Volunteer Service Medal with Overseas Clasp, and the War Medal 1939-1945 plus the U.S. Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal, and European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal followed by the Korea Medal, United Nations Service Medal Korea, and Canadian Volunteer Service Medal for Korea. He was authorized to wear the Canadian battle honor "Mont Mojo" on his dress uniform as well as the U.S Combat Infantryman Badge. The FSSF was awarded five U.S. campaign streamers and another ten by Canada. Sgt. Prince was the great great grandson of the Salteaux Chief Peguis, who had moved his people from Sault Ste. Marie to the Red River region. Numerous sources claim Sgt. Prince had medals for valor coming for his actions in both Italy and Korea. In Korea his superiors refused to put him up. In Korea the United States awarded his unit the Distinguished Unit Citation for the Battle of Kapyong, so Prince had two PUC's to his credit.

• October 28, 2022 Canada issued a non-rated forever stamp depicting Sgt. Prince.[250]

The FSSF adopted the 1866 Indian Scouts crossed arrows insignia minus the USS.  A "U.S." or "Canada" pin was placed above the arrows depending upon the man's nationality.  Subsequently the United States Army Special Forces adopted the crossed arrows from the FSSF.  According to Veterans Canada the Canadian component of the FSSF hand many Ojibwa.

U.S. WWII AWARDS (Canada information is difficult) :

•  Lloyd F. Aspenwall, Bronze Star, White Earth Band
• Rifleman Arthur W. Beaver, wounded, KIA Alderville First Nation
• Pvt. William A. Belland, POW,   White Earth
•  F/O Willard John Bolduc, DFC , Chapleau Ojibway First Nation
• Pfc Ernest Boshay DUI, Bois Forte 
• Ben Bungy, Bronze Star, Leech Lake
• Silas Cloud, Bronze Star, Leech Lake
•  Pfc. William A. Davis, Bronze Star, Pembina Band
• Pfc Frank Dupree Bronze Star, Purple Heart, POW. Bois Forte band
• Pfc. Albert E. Fairbanks Air Medal (one cluster), White-Earth Band 
• T/Sgt. Oliver Gibbs Air Medal (3 clusters), Red Lake Band
• Felix Ambrose Fontaine, wounded, Sagkeeng First Nation
• Cpl. Bert Orben Good, Bronze Star, Red Lake Band
• Cpl. Rodney M. Graham POW, Purple Heart, Swan Lake band Kansas
• George Humphrey, Silver Star, Leech Lake 
• James J. Hunt Sr., POW, Leech Lake
• Cpl Ira Isham PUC, Bois Forte band
• Pfc Nels Johnson PUC, Croix de Guerre Fourrager (Belgiuim) Bois Forte band
• Pfc. Albert Jugg, POW, White Earth
• Sgt Laverne King PUC, Bois Forte Band
• Rear Adm. Francis J. Mee, Legion of Merit w/V, White Earth

             (first Native American ro make "Flag rank" in the USN)

• Curits Nordwall, Silver Star, Red Lake band
• 1st Lt. Lewis O'Jibway (Sault Tribe of Chippewa Indians) Bronze Star, (OSS and CIA)
• Joseph Raisch, Bronze Star, Leech Lake
• S/Sgt. Clifton J. Rabideaux (5 clusters), Fond-du-Lac Band 
• Aviation Radioman Petty Officer First Class Oliver B. Rasmussen, Purple Heart. Was Chief of one of the Northern Wisconsin bands. Evaded capture for 68 days in Japan after his Curtiss SB2C Helldiver went down[251]. A new reference states he was seriously injured. The United States does not have a medal for evasion in enemy territory. The outcome for captured American aviators in Japan was not good.
• Omar Schoenborn, POW, White-Earth band reported KIA.  He was one of 83 men who survived the sinking of the Japanese  Arisan Maru transport off Leyte by a US submarine. He  swam ashore evading the Japanese until American forces liberated the island.
• 
  

WWII CANADA WOUNDED IN ACTION:

          *  Lambert Sanderson, Pinaymootang First Nation, Europe 

          *  Francis Banning, For William First Nation

          *  Dennis Maclaurin, Fort William First Nation

MICHIGAN WWII: Purple Heart  wounded in action:

• Homer L. Jackson, Grand Traverse Band
• Irving J. Theodore, Saginaw, Pacific
• Sgt. Thurlow McClellan, Grand Traverse Band , Palaus
•  Pvt. David Sowmick, Purple Heart, Saginaw Band

MINNESOTA WWII: Purple Heart wounded in action:

• T/Sgt.Andrew Amyotte,  Fond-du-Lac
• Sgt. Eugene Amyotte, Fond-du-Lac
• Sgt.William Amyotte,  Fond-du-Lac 
• Herbert Beaulieu, Germany
• Daniel Bellanger, Red-Lake, France
• Pfc. Marcel Bisson, White-Earth Band
• David Bobolink, Leech Lake band
• Pfc. Edward George Burns,  Guam
• Edward Clark, White Earth band
• John Davis,  France
• James Deschamps, France
• Simon Desjarlait, Red-Lake? Belgium
• Jeffrey Duhaime, Grand Portage band?
•  Louis Dunn, Cass Lake band, Germany
• Henry Fairbanks, Leech Lake band, France
• Pfc. William Good,amputee,  Red Lake band,  Germany
• Cpl Rodney Graham, Sicily 
• Eugene Howes, Fond-du-Lac band, Italy
• William Howes, Fond-du-Lac band, Pacific
• Eugene Johnson, Cassino
• William Jourdain, Red Lake band 
• Maurice Kelley, Germany
• Robert King, France
• Edward Laundrie, Fond-du-Lac Band
• Frank N. Lajeunesse, Normandy, White-Earth
• Louis Livingston, Bronze Star,  Leyte
• Jimmie Lussier,  Red-Lake band?
• George L. Mason, Germany
• Ben E. Mitchell, Leech Lake band
• David Munell, Leech Lake band
• Mark Naganub, Fond-du-Lac
• Delmar Needham, Red-Lake band?
• Stanley Nordwall, Prisoner of War Medal, PUC,  (Bronze Arrow with the Orange Lanyard: Belgium Military Order of William only given to the 82nd Airborne, the arrow represents the Croix de Guerre for the unit )  Red Lake band https://www.pipestonestar.com/articles/band-of-warriors/
• John Northrup, France
• Lloyd Paro,  Belgian Fourragere,  French Fourragere and a Military Order of William orange Lanyard, Netherlands,  Grand Marais band, 
• Everett Ojibway, Germany
• Johnson Ray,  Germany
• Phillip Ray, Luzon
• Raymond F. Roberts, France
• Eugene Savage, Germany
• Burdette Shearer, Germany
• Gerald Sheehy, Italy
• Harry Smith, France
• Kelly Stanley, 
• Wallace D. Stewart, France
• George H. Trombley,  Luzon
• Pfc. Fran A. Toutloff, Bois Forte band, Pacific
• Pfc. Robert Wendling, Fond-du-Lac,  Germany
• Alfred Whitecloud, with oak Leaf cluster, Leech Lake band, New Guinea
• Stephen Zimmerman,Leyte

WWII CANADA KILLED IN ACTION;

  *  Lcpl. Arther Bannon Fort William First Nation

  *  Pvt. Arthur Beaver, Alderville First Nation

  *  Pvt. D. W. Chippewa,  Caldwell First Nation 

  *  Pvt. James M. Commanda, Nipissing First Nation, France

  *  Pte. Wilburn Chubb, Alderville First Nation

  *  Pvt. Clarance M. Golais, Nipissing First Nation, France

  *  Pvt. Joseph Henry, Roseau River First Nation

  * Pvt. George Irons, Curve Lake First Nation

  *  John B. Lewis, Fort William First Nation

  *  Lambert A. Marsden,  Chippewas of Rama First Nation, Germany
 *  F/S Gerald Obtagesic, Nipissing First Nation
 *  Pvt. Ambrose Stevens, Nipissing First Nation, Europe

  *  Gunner George Taylor, Curve Lake First Nation
 *  Pvt. Lawrence K. Whiteduck, Nipissing First Nation, Europe

MICHIGAN WWII: Purple Heart Killed in Action:

  *  Sgt. Joseph Graverette,  Saginaw band,  Belgiuim

  *  Pfc. John L. King, Grand Traverse band, Normandy

  *  Pvt. Nicolas J. Naganashe, Silver Star Grand Traverse band, Normandy

  *  Ben Odemin, Grand Traverse band, Palau

  *  Pfc. Moses L. Smith, Grand Traverse band, Italy

  *  Pvt. Ben Walker, Grand Traverse band,

MINNESOTA WWII: Purple Heart killed in action:

  *   Leroy J. Aitkin, Leech Lake band 

  *   Pfc. Jacob Anderson ,France, White Earth band 

  *   S1C Clifford John Antell, White-Earth band, CVE-56 sunk 

  *    Pfc. Richard Boshey,  Fond-du-Lac band, Belgium

  *    Sgt. Eddie Brown, Italy, White Earth Band

  *    Pfc. George Brunette, France

  *    Pvt. Francis S. Bushman, POW Medal, Grand Portage band,  Bataan,                           died Manchukuo, China

  *   Sgt. Lawrence Carl, Red-Lake band, Luzon

  *   S1c Paul O. Charbonneau White Earth

  *   Sgt. Sylvester Charboneau,  White Earth band, At Sea

  *   Frederick Critt, Leech Lake

  *   Pvt. Wesley Eagle, NavyCross, White Earth band, Iwo Jima

  *   James L. Johnson,Leech Lakeband? France

  *   Pfc. Richard Johnson, Leech Lake band,  Africa  

  *   George Kelly, Leech Lake band,  France 

  *   Adolph King, Red Lake band, France     

  *  Sgt. John S. Mercer, Air Medal, Fond-du-Lac, Germany

  *  Frank Michaud, Leech Lake

  *  Dominic Misquadace, Fond-du-Lac?

  *  Pfc. Peter Morgan, Leech Lake band, France

  *  Pfc. Jack W. Ostrom,, White Earth, Iwo Jima

  *  Pvt. Dean Ottershaw, White-Earth band, Pacific

  *  William J. Potter,  Otter Tail band of Pillagers?, Italy

  *  Pvt. Ralph Robinson, Leech Lake band, Germany

  *  Pfc. Richard Sailor, White-Earth band,  France

  *  Richard Sakop, Leech Lake

  *  GM3 Raymond E. Severson, White Earth

  *  Cpl. George Sheehy, AAC, Italy

  *  FM2 Martin E. Simons, DD-350 Pacific typhon

  *  Charles V. Smith, White Earth band

  *  Kelly Stanley

  *  Pfc. Lyman J. Tanner, Cass-Lake band, Luzon

  *  Lewis E.Taylor, Germany

  *  Pvt. Robert TeJohn, White-Earth band, Luzon

  *  Pfc. Jesse J. Tibbetts,  Leech Lake, band,  English Channel U-boat

  *  Pfc. Charles V. Wadena, White Earth

  *  Hubert W. Williams, White-Earth band Belgium

  *  Joseph L. Weaver, 2 Purple Hearts, White-Earth band, Belgium

  *   Pfc. Vincent Zimmerman, Grand-Portage band? Europe 

NORTH DAKOTA WWII: Purple Heart killed in action:

   *  Pfc. William A. Davis, Turtle Mountain band, New Guinea 

WISCONSIN WWII:  Purple Heart killed in action:

  *  Richard J. Ackley,  (Sokaogon Mole Lake Band?) Italy,

  *  T/5 James I. Cook, Silver Star Luzon  

  *  SSgt. Robert G. Duffy,  Air Medal, Red Cliff band,    

  *  James C. Ford, Jr. Bad River band? Italy

  *  Milan St. Germaine,  Lac du Flambeau band, France  

• Somewhere 40 Chippewa woman formed a  brigade for the home defense and sources do not identify the where or when.
• USAT Chippewa 14 October 1943 the War Department, assigned the vessal to the US Army Small Ship Section, Southwest-Pacific Area as a bareboat charter.
• USCGC Ojibwa 1944 (WYT-97) Apalachee-class tug
• USS Chippewa (AT-69) was commissioned 1943
• USS Wabanquot was commissioned 1945 (YTB-525) Hisada class tug.
• 1943 King George VI awarded the Chief of the Red-Gut band (Nicikousemenecaning band) the British Empire Medal along with the Chiefs of three other tribes.
• The United States would not allow William Hole-in-the-Day to enlist due to age so he went north to Canada and was accepted.
• Daniel Kingbird, USMC (UDT volunteer)

KOREA:

• Leroy Aitkin, Purple Heart KIA, Leech Lake band
• Wayne Babeau, Purple Heart KIA Leech Lake band
• Sgt. Benny Bowstring, Purple Heart  MIA, Leech-Lake Band, Died from starvation as a POW, remains not returned
•  Martin B, Chevrier,  Nipissing First Nation KIA
• Herbert Daniels  PUC Long Plain First Nation
• Allen Derouin, PUC, Ojibwe First Nation
• M/Sgt. Valentine O. Erion, Bronze Star, White Earth
• Leroy Fairbanks, Purple Heart, Leech Lake
• Pvt. Richard Marvin Fairbanks, Bronze Star, White-Earth Band,  KIA
• Wesley Fairbanks, Purple Heart, Leech Lake
• Leon Xavier Fontaine, wounded,  Sagkeeng First Nation 
• Joseph N. Goggleye, Purple Heart, KIA, Bois Forte
• Harvey Howard, Purple Heart
• Francis Humphrey, Silver Star, Bronze Star Oak Leaf Cluster, Purple Heart, Leech Lake band
• George Humphery Jr., Silver Star, Leech Lake Band
• Charles Lincoln, Purple Heart, Leech Lake
• ,Cpl, Charles Jackson Littlejohn, Silver Star, White-Oak-Point Band, KIA
•  William George Mann,  Oak Leaf for bravery, wounded twice,  Sagkeeng First Nation
• Donald B. Munnell, Purple Heart, Leech Lake band
• Sgt. Tommy Prince PUC wounded twice Baldhead First Nation
• Ernst Robinson, Purple Heart MIA, Leech Lake Band
• Bernard J. Rock, Purple Heart w/2 oak Leaf clusters, White Earth band 
• Delbert Ray Snell,  Bronze Star , KIA  White-Oak-Point Band
• Pfc. Julis S. Tepakeyah, Purple Heart, KIA Grand Traverse band,
• Albert L. Whitebird,  Silver Star, Chief of the Bad-River Band 

VIETNAM:

• Pfc Leo Vernon Bealieu, Navy Cross, Bronze Star w/V, Purple Heart, White Earth
• Thomas Bellanger, Purple Heart, Leech Lake
• 2Lt. Jame D. Cain, Bronze Star w/oak leaf cluster, MUC, JSCM, (military Intelligence, CIA)  White Earth
• John Connor, Purple Heart, Bois Forte band
• Darell Dorman, Purple Heart KIA, Leech Lake band
• Aaron Fairbanks, POW, Leech Lake band
• Donald Fairbanks, Bronze Star OLC, Purple Heart, White Earth band
• Fred K Jackson Jr. Purple Heart, Leech Lake band
• Richard Kingbird, Purple Heart, Leech Lake Band
• Loren Lyons, Bronze Star, Purple Heart, Leech Lake band
• Micheal Masten, Purple Heart, White Earth band
• James Monchamp, Purple Heart, Leech Lake band
• Corpsman 3rd Class Donald Parrish, Silver Star, Bay-Mills Band
• Gordan A. Rogers Sr., Purple Heart, Bois Forte band
• Terry W. Seelye, Bronze Star, Bois Forte band
• Donald N. Spence, Purple Heart KIA Leech Lake band
• Clyde C.Tibbetts, Purple Heart, White Earth band
• Rockne Tibbetts, Purple Heart, Leech Lake band
• Martin D. Waukazu, Purple Heart, White Earth band

IRAQ;

• Richard J-D Aspinall, Purple Heart, White Earth
• James Borchardt, Bronze Star, Leech Lake
• Force Master Chief James D. Fairbanks, Silver Star, White-Earth Band,
• Spc. Dwayne J. McFarline Jr. Purple Heart KIA, Cass Lake
•  Doug Tiyza,Sacrifice Medal,  Peguis First Nation
• Gabrie H. Wakanabo, Purple Heart, Leech Lakee

WALL OF WARRIORS: compiled by the Leech Lake Veterans Affairs Office:. Minnesota and Wisconsin Veterans are invited to add to the list.  https://www.llojibwe.org/tribalassistance/vetsDocs/vetsMemorial%20Wall.pdf

• In 2015 Congress authorized a Code Talkers Medal for the Fond-du-Lac band of Chippewa

• USNS Saginaw Ojibwe Anishinabek (T-ATS-8) commissioned 2019
• USNS James D. Fairbanks (T-ATS-13 under construction)
• CUSCGC Chippewa (WLR-75404)  Coast Guard river class buoy tender cutter 

WWI SIVER WAR BADGE AND WWII KINGS BADGE also silver.  Were issued to British commonwealth exservicemen to be worn on civilian clothes indicating the reason they were not in uniform was because they had been dischaged for wounds or illness.  That way women wouldn't give them white feathers for cowardence.  The WWI badges were numbered and recorded allowing decendents to verify or trace..

The Ojibwa was a 110' Chinook class tug.  She was launched in September 1943 and commissioned in November. Her class had an  armament of 2 x 20mm/80 (single-mounts). and top speed of 12 knots.  She was based at Boston until 1953 when she was assigned to Buffalo until 1979.  The Ojibwa was decommissioned in 1980 and sold.  In 2018 she was scuttled off  Charleston, South Carolina to create an artifical reef.