Chippewa / Ojibwe History

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Letter written in Ojibwe to Michigan; Pvt Charles Allen, Company K , 1st Michigan Sharp Shooters, while he was assigned to guard southern prisoners at Camp Douglas, Chicago, Illinois, 1863. It is one of three known letters he sent home. He died of wounds received at the Battle of the Wilderness in May 1864. The letters are in his military record in the National Archives. His mother submitted the letters to the Govenment when she applied for a mother's veterans pension.

Headquarters Co. K 1st Michigan S.S.
Camp Douglas Chicago, Ill, December 21 1863.

My Loved Ones,

Once again I am writing to tell you that I am still doing well, while knowing all of you are also doing well. It would make you cry how much I laugh at them I tell you. As I am writing to you all it is Sunday today. We rode out from Detroit so we dreaded returning there yesterday we arrived at last. That's the third time we've been sitting here riding around so once more as always we must go there. Last summer I was gone for so long from camp here where we live. This was when the Indian soldiers got really drunk over at Detroit. This was made possible because of that American who poured the alcohol. So then he was put on trial and the Anishinaabeg who were his companions thought about it and were witnesses while I translated for them and then we rode out from there. At last we went before staying too long and allowing the bootlegger to again be among the Anishinaabe soldiers who had done bootlegging with him. It's as if he was always causing trouble even before he was a soldier. So this is my correspondence and greeting to you.

Greetings to you then,
Charles Allen

Andersonville & Michigan's Chippewa & Ottawa

Pvt. S Recalt

Co. K. 1st Michigan Sharpshooters, Andersonville

©Kokopelli

Michigan Monument at Andersonville, Macon, Georgia

Co. K. 1st Michigan Sharpshooters had 15 men captured at the Battle of Petersburg and sent to Andersonville Prison. Of them, 7 died due to the conditions in the camp. Their headstones are here or in the gallery. The gallery also has the headstones of three men from Walpole Island.

wikicommons

Pvt. W. Mackswaser

Co. K. 1st Michigan Sharpshooters, Andersonville

©Kokopelli

Pvt. Joseph L. Gibson

Co. K. 1st Michigan Sharpshooters, Andersonville

©Kevin Frye

Pvt. Peter South or Pay-wau-su-quot

Co. K. 1st Michigan Sharpshooters, Andersonville

©Kokopelli

Pvt. J.H. Hamlin

Pvt. Peter South or Pay-wau-su-quot

Co. K. 1st Michigan Sharpshooters, Andersonville

©Kevin Frye

Ogichidaa = Warrior, the legacy:

1866 United States Scouts enlisted kepi insignia

United States Scouts enlisted kepi insignia adopted by the U.S. Army in 1866. Congress recognized the invaluable service the Dacotah and Chippewa scouts and Chippewa messengers had provided the Army's Department of the Northwest 1862-66 by authorizing the enlistment of 1000 more Native Americans for the same service in July 1866, one month after the last troops engaged in the Indian war stood down. The Army adopted the U.S.S. insignia of crossed arrows for infantry and cross sabers for cavalry scouts.[148][149][150] The President was given the authority in The Army Reorganization Act of 1866. The crossed arrows insignia was revived during WWII for the U.S. Canada First Special Service Force.

The image is close to the actual size. © Tom Hogan ACW

War Department General Order No. 28, issued March 9, 1891: authorized Native Americans enlistment in the Regular Army to serve in "Indian Companies" within infantry and cavalry regiments. (excluding the Buffalo soldier units) Company I of Infantry Regiments and Company L of Cavalry Regiments would have Native Americans with a maximum of 55 per company or troop.

Cpl. Francis Pegahmagabow, 1st Canadian Infantry Battalion (sniper), credited with 378 kills and capturing 300.[235]

wikicommons

FSSF Paratroopers Sgt. Tommy Prince with his brother at Buckingham Palace meeting the King.

Private Morris Prince and Sgt. Tommy Prince, both 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion (FSSF) at Buckingham Palace. They were great-great grandsons of Saulteaux Chief Peguis. They joined the First Special Service Force FSSF, historical predecessor to the U.S. Army Special Forces. The FSSF adopted the 1866 Crossed Arrows insignia of the U. S. Indian Scouts that remains in use today. Sgt. Prince was highly decorated. Having said that, he epitomizes the racisim faced by indigenioius when it came to awards. For his actions on Mt. Mojo in Italy one historian says there isn't a medal made for what he did. It is claimed he wasn't put up for "personal valor" due to "the need for secrecy" concering the FSSF. It was never corrected despite having documentaion of his single handed liguidation of all the German forward postions on the barren slope of Mt. Mojo. In France he was awarded the Silver Star but did not receive the Purple Heart for his wounds. In France he and another FSSF trooper saved a group of French undergound from being over run by the Germans. The leader of that underground force sent a courior with a message putting Sgt. Prince up for a Croix de Guerre. The courior was killed before he could deliver the recommendation. In Korea he should have been put up for multiple Medals of Valor. It is stated that his commaders did not cite his valor due to their envy and bigotry. He was wounded twice in Korea which would have gotten him wound stripes. But his unit, the PPCLI, was under United States control and received a U.S. Presidential Unit Citation meaning he should have received U.S. Purple Hearts for his wounds. Had Sgt Prince received proper recognition he would be Canada's most highly decorated serviceman. He has an unmatched record of repeated valor that the Canadian award system has failed to properly acknowledge. The Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry that Sgt. Prince was in in Korea is the only Canadian unit to receive the U.S. Presidental Unit Citation. Private Morris Prince in the picture has three overseas chevrons on his sleeve. wikicommons

Chippewa Ojibwa valor recognition:

1892 U.S. Army goes to White-Earth and Leech-Lake to raise a Regiment of Chippewa.[237]

Spanish American War[238][239] [240] A full blood Wisconsin Civil War veteran Louis Beche, offered President McKinley a band of 500 Lake Superior Chippewa warriors.[241]

1916 The British Commonwealth began awarding a brass "Wound Stripe" for combat injuries. It was worn vertically on the left forearm of the uniform

WWI AWARDS[242](Canadian awards are difficult to retreive)

* Rar D. Ackley Purple Heart, Bad River Band

* Issac Akiwenzie, DCM Distinguished Conduct Medal KlA,Saugeen First Nation

* Leslie Akiwenzie, DCM Distinguished Conduct Medal KIA,Saugeen First Nation

* Pvt. William J. Ashmun, French Croix-de-Guerre with gilt star, Bad-River Band[243][24]

* James Bachand Purple Heart, Bad River band

* Pvt. Aus. Beaver, KIA, Alderville First Nation

* Pvt. Frank J. Bell, French Croix-de-Guerre, Distinguished Service Cross, White-Earth Band

* Pvt. Augustin Belanger, Military Medal, KIA, Nipigon First Nation

* Pvt. Gus Belanger, Military Medal, KIA, The Indian Mission Reserve, 52nd

* Pvt. Peter Belanger, wounded, The Indian Mission Reserve, 52nd

* Charles Bellecourt, Croix de Guerre Fourragare, Croix de Guerre with 2 palm Fourragare, Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star Fourragare, White Earth Band

* Pvt. Chas. J. Bellecourt, USMC Purple Heart, White-Earth Band

* Pvt. William Blaker, KIA, Alderville First Nation

* Pvt. Jos. Blaker, KIA, Alderville Fist Nation

* Pvt. Vic. Blaker,KIA, Alderville First Nation

* William J. Bluesky, Silver Star, Lac-Courte-Oreilles Band

* Leo Bouchard, DCM, wounded, Nipigon First Nation

* Charles Cadotte, Purple Heart, Bad River Band

* Pvt. Alfred Chartrand, KIA Watter Hen band, now the Skownan First Nation

* Pvt.. Alexander Chief, wounded 12 times

* Fred Clay, Croix de Guerre, Saginaw band

* Pvt. Samson Comego, Sniper KIA 1914-15 Star, British War Medal and Victory Medal, Chief of the Alderville First Nation

* Pvt. Peter Comego Sniper , 1914-15 Star, British War Medal and Victory Medal, Alderville First Nation

* Alex Davidson 2 citations for bravery, Purple heart

* Pvt. Dennis Delaronde, KIA, Nipigon First Nation

* Pvt. Joseph Delaronde, Military Medal, Nipigon First Nation

* William Franklin, KIA, Alderville Fist Nation

* Capt. William J. Gardner, Purple Heart, Turtle Mountain Band

* Sgt. James M. Gordon, French Croix-de-Guerre, Red-Cliff Band

* Cpl. Rodney Graham, Purple Heart, POW, Oklahoma Chippewa

* Pvt. Patrick Granboise, KIA, Roseau River First Nation

* Pvt. Pete Granboise, KIA , Roseau River First Nation

* Pvt. William Hager, KIS, Alderville First Nation

* Pvt. Andrew Haverkamey, Purple Heart, White-Earth Band

* Pvt. Christie Houle, Purple Heart, Bad River band

* Billie Johnson, KIA, Curve Lake First Nation

* Pvt. David Kejick, Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM), Chief Shoal- Lake First Nation

* Sgt. Joseph P. LaJeunesse, Distinguished Service Cross, Purple Heart. It has been contended that Sgt. LaJeunesse was denied a Medal of Honor because he was Native American.[245] White-Earth Band

* Joseph LaPoint, Purple Heart KIA, Ba River Band

* Pvt. Alfred J. LeBlanc, Purple Heart, KIA, Bay Mills Chippewa

* Frank Mchaud, Purple Heart KIA, Leech Lake band

* David Munnell, Purple Heart KIA, Leach Lake band

* L/Cpl. Johnson Paudash Sniper, Military Medal, Distinguished Service Medal, grandson of the last Mississauga Sachem, Hiawatha First Nation

* Cpl. Francis Pegahmagabow Sniper, Military Medal with 2 bars (3 awards), Chief Parry Island band, His medals and sniper rifle were donated to the Canadian War Museum.

* Fred Prazeau, Purple Heart, Bad River band

* Alex Rabideaux, Purple Heart, Bad River band

* Cpl. Walter G. Sevalier, Distinguished Service Cross, Bad-River Band

* Pvt. A. Simpson, KIA, Alderville First Nation

* John Sky, Purple Heart KIA, Bad River band

* Joseph Sky, Purple Heart KIA, Bad River Band

* Pvt. Robert Tobigo, KIA, Alderville First Nation

* Isaac Taylor, KIA, Curve Lake First Nation

* Cpl. Angus Oliver Teeple, Silver Star, Bay-Mills band

* Pfc. John Philip Turpin, Purple Heart, White Earth band

* Pvt. Lawrence A. Vizenor, Distinguished Service Cross, White-Earth Band

* Frank Vedernack, Purple Heart, Lac-du-Flambeau/ Bad River band

In 1916, 50 Ojibwa (Chippewa) of Nawash First Nation joined the 160th Canadian Infantry Battalion, 5 were KIA 14 were wounded.

The Lac Courte Oreilles band had over 50 men in Co. D 107th Ammunition Train of the 32nd Division. The Company insignia was a bl

52nd Canadian Light Infantry ack bear. Battalion had nearly 100 Ojibwa from the Thunder Bay area. At least six were given awards for valor.[176] In total Canada had 247 Ojibwa, 420 Cree, and 665 Metis enlist for the war.

Modern Warriors of World War I, Erin Fehr, George S. Robb Centre for the Study of the Great War, Park University, Parkville, MO [243]

🍁 NATIVE VETERANS ASSOCIATION OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO WWI ROLL

https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/nativeterans/honourI.htm

🍁 NATIVE VETERANS ASSOCIATION OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO WWI PHOTO GALLERY

https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/nativeterans/gallery/00001.htm

Between the world wars the 101st Airborne was headquartered in Wisconsin where it gained it's famous insignia. It goes back to Chief Ahgamahwegezhig (Chief Sky) of the Lac-Flambeau band and the Civil War.[246]

USCGC Chippewa (1919) ex-USN tug 60 based at Sault Ste Marie.

WWII[247]

1919 American Expeditionary Force North Russia,nicknamed the Polar Bear Expedition. Two Chippewa are known to have been in the 339th Infantry Regiment that was deployed there, Pvt. George Keschick(Michigan) and Pvt. Joseph St. Martin (Canada).

In 1940, the 32nd Infantry Division recruited 17 Michigan and Wisconsin Oneida and Chippewa(FDL) for training as code talkers[248] long before the Marines got their Navajo code talkers.

When the WWII broke "the Lac-Oreille band had 100 men enlist". To the north "the Grand Portage band had nearly every abled bodied man volunteer".[163]

"A Chippewa Indian was furious when rejected [for military service] because he had no teeth. "I don't want to bite'em," he said, "I just want to shoot'em!"[163]

🍁 Sgt. Tommy Prince (Brokenhead Ojibway Nation) volunteered for the First Special Service Force(FSSF) that the Germans called the Devils Brigade.[249] He received the: Military Medal (King George VI personally awarded), Silver Star, French Croix de Guerre with Silver-Gilt Star (unit award), Distinguished Unit Citation(Italy), and a U.S. Congressional Gold Medal. In addition, he received the British: 1939-1945 Star, Italy Star, France and Germany Star, Defence Medal (United Kingdom), Canadian Volunteer Service Medal with Overseas Clasp, and the War Medal 1939-1945 plus the U.S. Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal, and European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal followed by the Korea Medal, United Nations Service Medal Korea, and Canadian Volunteer Service Medal for Korea. He was authorized to wear the Canadian battle honor "Mont Mojo" on his dress uniform as well as the U.S Combat Infantryman Badge. The FSSF was awarded five U.S. campaign streamers and another ten by Canada. Sgt. Prince was the great great grandson of the Salteaux Chief Peguis, who had moved his people from Sault Ste. Marie to the Red River region. Numerous sources claim Sgt. Prince had medals for valor coming for his actions in both Italy and Korea. In Korea his superiors refused to put him up. In Korea the United States awarded his unit, the PPLI, the Presidential Unit Citation for the Battle of Kapyong making it his second PUC.

* October 28, 2022 Canada issued a non-rated forever stamp depicting Sgt. Prince.[250]

The FSSF adopted the 1866 Indian Scouts crossed arrows insignia minus the USS. A "U.S." or "Canada" pin was placed above the arrows depending upon the man's nationality. Subsequently the United States Army Special Forces adopted the crossed arrows from the FSSF. According to Veterans Canada the Canadian component of the FSSF had many Ojibwa.

U.S. WWII AWARDS (Canadian awards are difficult to retreive):

* Lloyd F. Aspenwall, Bronze Star, White Earth Band

* James Basner, Air Medal, Bad River band

* Rifleman Arthur W. Beaver, wounded, KIA Alderville First Nation

* Pvt. William A. Belland, POW, White Earth

* Robert Bradley, PUC, Purple heart, Bad River band

* F/O Willard John Bolduc, DFC , Chapleau Ojibway First Nation

* Pfc Ernest Boshay DUI, Bois Forte

* Ben Bungy, Bronze Star, Leech Lake

* S/Sgt. Joe Ojibway POW

* Silas Cloud, Bronze Star, Leech Lake

* Pfc. William A. Davis, Bronze Star, Pembina Band

* Pfc Frank Dupree Bronze Star, Purple Heart, POW. Bois Forte band

* Pfc. Albert E. Fairbanks Air Medal (one cluster), White-Earth Band

* T/Sgt. Oliver Gibbs Air Medal (3 clusters), Red Lake Band

* Felix Ambrose Fontaine, wounded, Sagkeeng First Nation

* Pvt. Thomas Godchere, Military Medal, KIA, Long Lake First Nation

* Cpl. Bert Orben Good, Bronze Star, Red Lake Band

* Cpl. Rodney M. Graham POW, Purple Heart, Swan Lake band Kansas

* Harold Green, Silver Star, Bad River band

* George Humphrey, Silver Star, Leech Lake

* James J. Hunt Sr., POW, Leech Lake

* Cpl Ira Isham PUC, Bois Forte band

* Pfc Nels Johnson PUC, Croix de Guerre Fourrager (Belgiuim) Bois Forte band

* Pfc. Albert Jugg, POW, White Earth

* Sgt Laverne King PUC, Bois Forte Band

* Joseph Marksman, Silver Star, KIA Purple heart, Bad River band

* Rear Adm. Francis J. Mee, Legion of Merit w/V, White Earth

(first Native American ro make "Flag rank" in the USN)

* Rifleman Charles Nahwegezhik, Military Medal, Sheguindah First Nation

* Curits Nordwall, Silver Star, Red Lake band

* 1st Lt. Lewis O'Jibway (Sault Tribe of Chippewa Indians) Bronze Star, (OSS and CIA)

* Joseph Raisch, Bronze Star, Leech Lake

* S/Sgt. Clifton J. Rabideaux (5 clusters), Fond-du-Lac Band

* Aviation Radioman Petty Officer First Class Oliver B. Rasmussen, Purple Heart. Was Chief of one of the Northern Wisconsin bands. Evaded capture for 68 days in Japan after his Curtiss SB2C Helldiver went down[251]. A new reference states he was seriously injured. The United States does not have a medal for evasion in enemy territory. The outcome for captured American aviators in Japan was not good.

* Omar Schoenborn, POW, White-Earth band reported KIA. He was one of 83 men who survived the sinking of the Japanese Arisan Maru transport off Leyte by a US submarine. He swam ashore evading the Japanese until American forces liberated the island.

* Arnold Smith, Air Medal 2Oak leaf clusters, Purple heart, PUC, Bad River band

🍁 WWII CANADA WOUNDED IN ACTION:

* Lambert Sanderson, Pinaymootang First Nation

* Francis Banning, For William First Nation

* Pvt. Gordon Johnson, Saugeen First Nation

* Pvt. Fred Jones, Saugeen First Nation

* Dennis Maclaurin, Fort William First Nation

MICHIGAN WWII: Purple Heart wounded in action:

* Homer L. Jackson, Grand Traverse Band

* Irving J. Theodore, Saginaw, Pacific

* Sgt. Thurlow McClellan, Grand* Traverse Band , Palaus*

* Pvt. David Sowmick, Purple Heart, Saginaw Band

MINNESOTA WWII: Purple Heart wounded in action:

* T/Sgt.Andrew Amyotte, Fond-du-Lac

* Sgt. Eugene Amyotte, Fond-du-Lac

* Sgt.William Amyotte, Fond-du-Lac

* Herbert Beaulieu, Germany

* Daniel Bellanger, Red-Lake, France

* Pfc. Marcel Bisson, White-Earth Band

* David Bobolink, Leech Lake band

* Pfc. Edward George Burns, Guam

* Edward Clark, White Earth band

* John Davis, France

* James Deschamps, France

* Simon Desjarlait, Red-Lake? Belgium

* Jeffrey Duhaime, Grand Portage band?

* Louis Dunn, Cass Lake band, Germany

* Henry Fairbanks, Leech Lake band, France

* Pfc. William Good,amputee, Red Lake band, Germany

* Cpl Rodney Graham, Sicily

* Eugene Howes, Fond-du-Lac band, Italy

* William Howes, Fond-du-Lac band, Pacific

* Eugene Johnson, Cassino

* William Jourdain, Red Lake band

* Maurice Kelley, Germany

* Robert King, France

* Edward Laundrie, Fond-du-Lac Band

* Frank N. Lajeunesse, Normandy, White-Earth

* Louis Livingston, Bronze Star, Leyte

* Jimmie Lussier, Red-Lake band?

* George L. Mason, Germany

* Ben E. Mitchell, Leech Lake band

* David Munell, Leech Lake band

* Mark Naganub, Fond-du-Lac

* Delmar Needham, Red-Lake band?

* Stanley Nordwall, Prisoner of War Medal, PUC, (Bronze Arrow with the Orange Lanyard: Belgium Military Order of William only given to the 82nd Airborne, the arrow represents the Croix de Guerre for the unit ) Red Lake band https://www.pipestonestar.com/articles/band-of-warriors/

* John Northrup, France

* Lloyd Paro, Belgian Fourragere, French Fourragere and a Military Order of William orange Lanyard, Netherlands, Grand Marais band,

* Everett Ojibway, Germany

* Johnson Ray, Germany

* Phillip Ray, Luzon

* Raymond F. Roberts, France

* Eugene Savage, Germany

* Stanley L. Sharlow, Bad River band

* Burdette Shearer, Germany

* Gerald Sheehy, Italy

* Joseph Shelafoe, Bad River band

* Harry Smith, France

* Kelly Stanley,

* Wallace D. Stewart, France

* George H. Trombley, Luzon

* Pfc. Fran A. Toutloff, Bois Forte band, Pacific

* Pfc. Robert Wendling, Fond-du-Lac, Germany

* Alfred Whitecloud, with oak Leaf cluster, Leech Lake band, New Guinea

* Stephen Zimmerman,Leyte

WISCONSIN WWII WOUNDED IN ACTION

* Joseph Bebe, Bad River band

* Eldred M. Corbine, Bad River band

* Jerome Meyers, Bad River band

* William L. Neveaux, Bad River band

* Wallace Wenandy, Bad River band

* Edward S. Wesley, Bad River band

🍁 WWII CANADA KILLED IN ACTION;

* Lcpl. Arther Bannon Fort William First Nation

* Pvt. Arthur Beaver, wounded prior, Alderville First Nation

* Rifleman Lloyd Henry Bessette, Kettle Point

* Pvt. D. W. Chippewa, Caldwell First Nation

* Pvt. James M. Commanda, Nipissing First Nation, France

* Pte. Wilburn Chubb, Alderville First Nation

* Pvt. Clarance M. Golais, Nipissing First Nation, France

* Pvt. Joseph Henry, Roseau River First Nation* Pvt. George Irons, Curve Lake First Nation

* John B. Lewis, Fort William First Nation

* Lambert A. Marsden, Chippewas of Rama First Nation, Germany

* Pvt. Alfred J. Mcleod, Chippewas of the Nawash, Italy

* Pvt. John Mcleod Chippewas of the Nawash, France

* Pvt. Roland Nahwegezhik, Sheguidah First Nation, Europe
* F/S Gerald Obtagesic, Nipissing First Nation

* Pvt. Isadore Pedoniquott, Saugeen First Nation, Italy
* Pvt. Ambrose Stevens, Nipissing First Nation, Europe

* Gunner George Taylor, Curve Lake First Nation
* Pvt. Lawrence K. Whiteduck, Nipissing First Nation, Europe

MICHIGAN WWII: Purple Heart Killed in Action:

* Sgt. Joseph Graverette, Saginaw band, Belgiuim

* Pfc. John L. King, Grand Traverse band, Normandy

* Pvt. Nicolas J. Naganashe, Silver Star Grand Traverse band, Normandy

* Ben Odemin, Grand Traverse band, Palau

* Pfc. Moses L. Smith, Grand Traverse band, Italy

* Pvt. Ben Walker, Grand Traverse band,

MINNESOTA WWII: Purple Heart killed in action:

* Leroy J. Aitkin, Leech Lake band

* Pfc. Jacob Anderson ,France, White Earth Nation

* S1C Clifford John Antell, White-Earth Nation, CVE-56 sunk

* Pfc. Richard Boshey, Fond-du-Lac band, Belgium

* Sgt. Eddie Brown, Italy, White Earth Nation

* Pfc. George Brunette, France

* Pvt. Francis S. Bushman, POW Medal, Grand Portage band, Bataan, died Manchukuo, China

* Sgt. Lawrence Carl, Red-Lake band, Luzon

* S1c Paul O. Charbonneau MIA White Earth Nation

* Sgt. Sylvester Charboneau, White EarthNation, At Sea

* Frederick Critt, Leech Lake

* Pvt. Wesley Eagle, NavyCross, White Earth Nation, Iwo Jima

* James L. Johnson,Leech Lakeband? France

* Pfc. Richard Johnson, Leech Lake band, Africa

* George Kelly, Leech Lake band, France

* Adolph King, Red Lake band, France

* Sgt. John S. Mercer, Air Medal, Fond-du-Lac, Germany

* Frank Michaud, Leech Lake

* Dominic Misquadace, Fond-du-Lac?

* Pfc. Peter Morgan, Leech Lake band, France

* Pfc. Jack W. Ostrom,, White Earth, Iwo Jima

* Pvt. Dean Ottershaw, White-Earth band, Pacific

* William J. Potter, Otter Tail band of Pillagers?, Italy

* Pvt. Ralph Robinson, Leech Lake band, Germany

* Pfc. Richard Sailor, White-Earth band, France

* Richard Sakop, Leech Lake

* GM3 Raymond E. Severson, White Earth Nation

* S2 Frabk Sharbono, White Earth Nation

* Cpl. George Sheehy, AAC, Italy

* FM2 Martin E. Simons, DD-350 Pacific typhon

* Charles V. Smith, White Earth Nation

* Kelly Stanley

* Pfc. Lyman J. Tanner, Cass-Lake band, Luzon

* Lewis E.Taylor, Germany

* Pvt. Robert TeJohn, White-Earth Nation, Luzon

* Pfc. Jesse J. Tibbetts, Leech Lake, band, English Channel U-boat

* Pfc. Charles V. Wadena, White Earth Nation

* Hubert W. Williams, White-Earth band Belgium

* Joseph L. Weaver, 2 Purple Hearts, White-Earth band, Belgium

* Pfc. Vincent Zimmerman, Grand-Portage band Europe

NORTH DAKOTA WWII: Purple Heart killed in action:

* Pfc. William A. Davis, Turtle Mountain band, New Guinea

WISCONSIN WWII: Purple Heart killed in action:

* Richard J. Ackley, (Sokaogon Mole Lake Band?) Italy,

* Raymond Cloud, Bad River band

* T/5 James I. Cook, Silver Star Luzon

* SSgt. Robert G. Duffy, Air Medal, Red Cliff band,

* James C. Ford, Jr. Bad River band? Italy

* Milan St. Germaine, Lac du Flambeau band, France

* Raymond H. Gervais, Bad River band

* Earl Madosh, Bad River Band

🍁 NATIVE VETERANS ASSOCIATION OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO WWII ROLL

https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/nativeterans/honourII.htm

Somewhere 40 Chippewa woman formed a brigade for the home defense and sources do not identify the where or when.
USAT Chippewa, 14 October 1943 the War Department, assigned the vessal to the US Army Small Ship Section, Southwest-Pacific Area as a bareboat charter.
USCGC Ojibwa 1944 (WYT-97) Apalachee-class tug
USS Chippewa (AT-69) was commissioned 1943
USS Wabanquot was commissioned 1945 (YTB-525) Hisada class tug.
1943 King George VI awarded the Chief of the Red-Gut band (Nicikousemenecaning First Nation) the British Empire Medal along with the Chiefs of three other tribes.
The United States would not allow William Hole-in-the-Day to enlist due to age so he went north to Canada and was accepted.
Daniel Kingbird, USMC (UDT volunteer)

Indians in the War 1945, Naval History and Heritage Command https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/i/indians-in-the-war-1945.html

KOREA:

* Leroy Aitkin, Purple Heart KIA, Leech Lake band

* Wayne Babeau, Purple Heart KIA Leech Lake band

* Sgt. Benny Bowstring, Purple Heart MIA, Leech-Lake band, Died from starvation as a POW, remains not returned

* Martin B, Chevrier, Nipissing First Nation KIA

* Herbert Daniels PUC Long Plain First Nation

* Allen Derouin, PUC, Ojibwe First Nation

* M/Sgt. Valentine O. Erion, Bronze Star, White Earth Nation

* Leroy Fairbanks, Purple Heart, Leech Lake band

* Pvt. Richard Marvin Fairbanks, Bronze Star, White-Earth Nation, KIA

* Wesley Fairbanks, Purple Heart, Leech Lake band

* Leon Xavier Fontaine, wounded, Sagkeeng First Nation

* Joseph N. Goggleye, Purple Heart, KIA, Bois Forte band

* Harvey Howard, Purple Heart

* Francis Humphrey, Silver Star, Bronze Star Oak Leaf Cluster, Purple Heart, Leech Lake band

* George Humphery Jr., Silver Star, Leech Lake Band

* Charles Lincoln, Purple Heart, Leech Lake band

* Cpl, Charles Jackson Littlejohn, Silver Star, White-Oak-Point Band, KIA

* William George Mann, Oak Leaf for bravery, wounded twice, Sagkeeng First Nation

* Donald B. Munnell, Purple Heart, Leech Lake band

* Sgt. Tommy Prince PUC wounded twice Baldhead First Nation

* Ernst Robinson, Purple Heart MIA, Leech Lake band

* Bernard J. Rock, Purple Heart w/2 oak Leaf clusters, White Earth Nation

* Delbert Ray Snell, Bronze Star , KIA White-Oak-Point Band

* Pfc. Julis S. Tepakeyah, Purple Heart, KIA Grand Traverse band,

* Albert L. Whitebird, Silver Star, Chief of the Bad-River Band

🍁 NATIVE VETERANS ASSOCIATION OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO KOREA ROLL

https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/nativeterans/honourkor.htm

VIETNAM:

* Pfc Leo Vernon Bealieu, Navy Cross, Bronze Star w/V, Purple Heart, White Earth

* Thomas Bellanger, Purple Heart, Leech Lake

* 2Lt. Jame D. Cain, Bronze Star w/oak leaf cluster, MUC, JSCM, (military Intelligence, CIA) White Earth

* John Connor, Purple Heart, Bois Forte band

* Darell Dorman, Purple Heart KIA, Leech Lake band

* Aaron Fairbanks, POW, Leech Lake band

* Donald Fairbanks, Bronze Star OLC, Purple Heart, White Earth band

* Fred K Jackson Jr. Purple Heart, Leech Lake band

* Richard Kingbird, Purple Heart, Leech Lake Band

* Loren Lyons, Bronze Star, Purple Heart, Leech Lake band

* Micheal Masten, Purple Heart, White Earth band

* James Monchamp, Purple Heart, Leech Lake band

* Corpsman 3rd Class Donald Parrish, Silver Star, Bay-Mills Band

* Gordan A. Rogers Sr., Purple Heart, Bois Forte band

* Terry W. Seelye, Bronze Star, Bois Forte band

* Donald N. Spence, Purple Heart KIA Leech Lake band

* Clyde C.Tibbetts, Purple Heart, White Earth band

* Rockne Tibbetts, Purple Heart, Leech Lake band

* Martin D. Waukazu, Purple Heart, White Earth band

🍁 NATIVE VETERANS ASSOCIATION OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO VIETNAM ROLL

https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/nativeterans/honournam.htm

IRAQ;

* Richard J-D Aspinall, Purple Heart, White Earth Nation

* James Borchardt, Bronze Star, Leech Lake

* Force Master Chief James D. Fairbanks, Silver Star, White-Earth Nation

* Spc. Dwayne J. McFarline Jr. Purple Heart KIA, Cass Lake band

* Doug Tiyza,Sacrifice Medal, Peguis First Nation

* Gabrie H. Wakanabo, Purple Heart, Leech Lake band

OSS CIA Louis Austin O’Jibway, CIA Memorial Wall, Gold Intelligence Medal of Merit, Silver Exceptional Service Medallion, Bronze Star, Sault Ste. Marie band of Chippewa. https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/static/Louis-Ojibway.pdf ( The Exceptional Service Medallion, is awarded for injury or death resulting from CIA operations. )

WALL OF WARRIORS: compiled by the Leech Lake Veterans Affairs Office:. Minnesota and Wisconsin Veterans are invited to add to the list. https://www.llojibwe.org/tribalassistance/vetsDocs/vetsMemorial%20Wall.pdf

In 2015 Congress authorized a Code Talkers Medal for the Fond-du-Lac band of Chippewa
USNS Saginaw Ojibwe Anishinabek (T-ATS-8) commissioned 2019
USNS James D. Fairbanks (T-ATS-13 under construction)
CUSCGC Chippewa (WLR-75404) Coast Guard river class buoy tender cutter

WWI SIVER WAR BADGE AND WWII KINGS BADGE also silver. Were issued to British commonwealth exservicemen to be worn on civilian clothes indicating the reason they were not in uniform was because they had been dischaged for wounds or illness. That way women wouldn't give them white feathers for cowardence. The WWI badges were numbered and recorded allowing decendents to verify or trace..

Shoulder insignia for the FSSF First Special Service Force. Was a joint U.S. Canadian force 50/50

Gallery #1: Modern Warriors: Recognition

CANADIAN MONUMENT TO INDIGENIOUS MILITARY SERVICE in Ottawa. It was designed by Saskatchewan artist Lloyd Pinay, who has Ojibwe heritage.

© Meunierd

Saskatchewan Indigenious Veterans Monument.

CANADIAN MONUMENT TO INDIGENIOUS MILITARY SERVICE in Ottawa. It was designed by Saskatchewan artist Lloyd Pinay, who has Ojibwe heritage.

© Meunierd

Capt. Peter Beaulieu, Minnesota's senior ranking Chippewa during the Civil War, he was born at La Pointe, Wisconsin Territory. He fought the Sioux three times at Fort Abercrombie during September 1862. He is interned at Saint Columba Episcopal Church Cemetery, White Earth Reservation

Henry H. Beaulieu Company Sergeant for G Co. 9th Minnesota. (White Earth Chippewa) Fought the Sioux at Fort Abercrombie, Dakota Territory, three times during September 1862. Calvary Cemetery, White Earth, Becker County, Minnesota.

Pvt. Roger B. Aitkin, G Co. 9th

Minnesota White Earth Chippewa. Battled the Siox 3 times in September 1862 at Fort Abercrombie, Dakota

Territory. Buried White Earth Cemetery.

Pvt. Etienne R. Bleau, Co. H 8th Minnesota, Mdewakanton Uprising, Dakota Campaigns, 1862-65. White Earth Cemetery.

Minnesota State monuments for Chippewa 1862 service.

Chief White Cloud grave headstone Minnesota State Monument #12

Minnesota State Statues;

Chapter 138 Sec. 138.585 § Subd. 12:

Chief Mou-Zoo-Mau-Nee Minnesota State Monument #17

Minnesota State Statues;

Chapter 138 Sec. 138.585 § Subd. 17 Chief Mouzoomaunee State Monument

Erected 1914 at Fort Ridgely because Fort Ripley had been abandoned. Height" 15'

author wikicommons

Minnesota State Monument to Mille-Lacs war Chief Mou-Zoo-Mau-Nee and his 300 Mille-Lacs and Sandy-Lake warriors who offered to fight the Sioux and defend Fort Ripley during the Sioux uprising. Dedicated 1914 at the Fort Ridgely cemetery because Fort Ripley had been abandoned. The monument is the same size as the State monument next to it for the men the 5th Minn. Rgt. lost at Fort Ridgely and Redwood Ferry. Over 5,000 came for it's dedication. The State paid $800.00 in 1914 which would be roughly $25,500 in 2025.[184]

author wikicommons

The Cold War warrior:

HMCS Ojibwa

HMCS Ojibwa (S72) Oberon-class, Royal Canadian Navy, Elgin Military Museum of Naval History, Ontario, Canada. [271][272][273] Armed with six 21" tubes in the bow and two in the stern, carrying 30 torpedos total. The forward tubes had US Mark 37 torpedoes: wire-guided Mod 2, while the aft torpedoes were not wire-guided. The Mark 37 had a 330 lb (150 kg) HBX explosive charge. It's purpose was for ASW anti-submarine warfare. Her surface speed was 12 knots while submerged it was 17. The ship's motto was: "NE-KE-CHE-DAH" or "Let us be prepared". wikicommons