_(14782566514).jpg)
© Parks Canada Agency / Agence Parcs Canada
The Provincal Park is situated in the southeastern corner of Ontario's Peterborough Crown Game Preserve. Image of the inital entrance sign with the base still being completed. The Curve Lake First Nation Reserve is 47km away. Peterborough is 57km, where the Canadian Canoe Museum. is located.
Peterborough Petroglyphs, Ontario
A Great Horned snake
The Peterbourgh Petroglyphs lie on historically Anishinaabe land There are many images for which there are no known indigenious comparables in North America. The main figure in the center image has rays coming from the head. CanadaDZ / CC BY 2.0
It's speculated the glyphs were made ca.900 - 1400 C.E.
The person in the image provides scale for the size of the glyphs. A shelter was erected to protect the site from the elements and vandalism that has since gotten criticism for aesthetics and cultural appropriateness. The site is a pilgrimage for the Ojibwa people today. © Parks Canada Agency / Agence Parcs Canada
They were "found" in 1954.
The exposed material at the site is white marble that is incised with hundreds of humans, turtles, snakes, birds, deer, wolves, and mythological creatures. In addition there are numerous abstractions of unknown meaning. The total number of glyphs is over 1,200. CanadaDZ / CCBY 2.0
The mythological
Some of the imagery is elaborate and took a great deal of time to execute. Even the simple ones took time with a depth of 2-3 inches. wikicommons
Grandmother Turtle
This turtle image and others link to the Anishinaabe. There are boats with oars, masts, and bow and stern posts with figureheads that do not and that connection.
The Curve Lake First Nation is the spiritual custodian of the site , administer the visitor center, and enforce the no photoraphy rules of the petroglyphs. In 1998 the elders requested no photography of the glyphs, so that the "spirits of the rock were not captured".
© Parks Canada Agency / Agence Parcs Canada, B. Morin
Abstractions with figures
The figure on the left has a tail. The figure on the right appears related to the thunderbird used by the 501st Airborne. © Parks Canada Agency / Agence Parcs Canada, B. Morin
Pictographs
Ojibwa pictograph, panel X, Agawa Rock,
Ontario. Anishinaabe Pictographs[267]
- Sanilac Petrogllyphs Historic State Park "Ezhibiigadek asin" Ojibwe for "written on stone", Michigan.
- Pimachiowin Aki is an UNESCO World Heritage site on Lake Winnipeg, with over 30 individual sites, it is Canada's largest grouping of pictographs.
- Hegman Lake Pictographs in Minnesota's Boundary Waters Canoe Area.
- Lake Superior Provincial Park contains the Agawa Rock Pictographs. "Aagawaa" means "sheltered place" in the Ojibwa.
- Wabakimi Provincial Park has multiple pictographs near Cliff Lake.
- Mazinaw Pictographs Nationa Historic Site of Canada. "Mazinaw" is Ojibwa for "picture" or "writing"
- Chippewa Pictograph Sites of the Border States; Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin[268] wikicommons
Nanabozho
Nanabozho (the trickster) pictograph, Upper Mazinaw Lake, Ontario. Nanabozhoo is said to have shown the Ojibwa how to make the bow and arrow, canoes, and snowshoes. wikicommons
Underwater Panther at the Agawa Rock,
Ojibwa pictograph of Underwater Panther at the Agawa Rock pictographs, Lake Superior Provincial Park, Ontario. In 1822 Schoolcraft was told of a raid made by Michigan Ojibwe on a native settlement at Aguawa ca.1600. It was his notes that led to the "discovery" of the Agawa pictographs in 1958. The Ojibwe painted their victory on on the rocks.
Turtle Petroform at Bannock Point, Manitoba
The turtle, or Grandmother Earth, represents wisdom, healing, health and protection.
The rattlesnake or Grandfather Earth has petroforms nearby. wikicommons
Petroform at Whiteshell Park, Manitoba
Whiteshell Provincial Park's petroforms serve as reminders of the instructions given to the Anishinaabe by the creator Gitche Manitou. The Anishinaabe Midewiwin, or Grand Medicine Society, considers the area containing the petroforms to be "Manito Ahbee", where the Gitche Manitou sits. It is the site where the Gitche Manitou lowered the original Anishinaabe from the sky to the ground according to oral history.
wikicommons
Chippewa: Steatite(soapstone) Pipes
Just north of Rainy Lake, in Canada, the Chippewa had found a jet black stone, steatite/soapstone, that they used to make pipes.[252][253][254] It is slightly harder than the Red Pipestone from southern Minnesota and is less well known in comparison.[255] The Chippewa also quarried steatite near Devils Lake, Sauk County, Wisconsin and other sites in Ontario.[256] [257] [258] [259] [260] Another source has a quarry at Pillager, Minnesota and a quarry north of Duluth that produced a jet black material that took a high polish.[261]
Longfellow's poem places the Red Pipestone quarry in Ojibwa lore stating Gitche Manitou called the tribes together there.[262]
Chief Aysh-ke-bah-ke-ko-zhay (Flat-Mouth), Leech-Lake steatite pipe, collected 1866, Smithsonian[263]
Bois-Forte steatite pipe with lead and catlinite inlaid, ca. 1900, Harvard University Peabody Museum[264]
Cass Lake pipe with lead and catlinite inlaid.[265]
Lake Winnibigoshish/Leech-Lake steatite pipe, Smithsonian[266]
Chippewa Steatitie pipe inlaid with lead and catlinite. © Heartland Artifact Auctions
Medicine Men:
Grand Portage Chief Medicine Man Axel Pasey with His Family 1936. The Chippeway Hearld, Vol. 1, No.2 Feb.1902 published by Theo and Gus Beaulieu, at White Earth Reservation lists three of types: Meda (medicine man), Gee-sah-ke-we-nine (jugglar), and the A-nun-ann-du-we-e-way-we-nin (blower). The Webeno (dreamer) was not listed.
wikicommons
Shaw-wan-osso-way, or "One with his Face towards the West," he was formerly a great war Chief but a great medicine-man, skilled in the past, present and future when painted in 1845 at Manetouwaning on Manitoulin Island.
©The Stark Art Museum
Ojibwa Medicine Man with drum emblazoned for the Turtle (Mikinaak/Mshiikenh) clan ca.1900. In 1899 the New York Tribune ran an article on "Chippewa Socercers".
Minnesota Historical Society, wikicommons
1919, H.R.H. Edward, the Prince of Wales spent three days fishing with Ojibwa guides on the Nipigon River in Ontario. His cousin Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught & Strathearn had recommended the trip having done it himself the year prior with the Ojibwa. In total, Edward's entourage had 20 guides, one was Chief of the Nipigon Ojibway Band. Another guide caught Edward's attention, as he was certain they had met before. They had, at a field inspection the Prince held in France prior to the Battle of Cambrai (1917).[188] Edward also met with the League of Canadian Indians at Sault Ste Marie and inaugurated Canada's "Warriors' Day" at the Canadian National Exhibition during his 1919 trip.
wikicommons
Figures from history:
Marie Louise Baldwin Bottineau or N-Dan-Sis (daughter of a chief) ca.1910-15 American University law school graduate.
wikicommons
Chief Nah-gun-e-gah-bow, Rabbit- Lake band. Offered to fight the Sioux in 1862.
wikicommons
1870-80s, Stephen & Georg Bonga were African American Ojibwe fur traders and translators.[16] Both passed away at Leach Lake.
wikicommons
Lewis & Clark and the Chippewa and historians question how?
ca.1933 picture of 1803 Lewis & Clark Presentation Flag owned by the Oji-Cree in Montana. Held by 2 Oji-Cree, Loud Thunder or Jim Gopher and the Frenchman or Frank Linderman. Lewis & Clark had several different versions of the flag with them. This one has the Great Seal with 13 stars in the canton. The shield with 3 stars symbolizes the branches of government. Linderman was greatly involved in Rocky Boy's band getting a reservation in 1916.
©Distinctly Montana
Peace Medal, 1st size, for head chief's. It was collected in 1900 at Mille-Lacs. Jefferson medals were the first to have a President's profile on them. This medal belonged to Chief Katawabeda of the Sandy Lake band and "Emperor" of all Mississippi band Chippewa. Mille-Lacs band oral history has that he received it from Lewis & Clark in 1804. It was donated to Jefferson Nat. Expansion Mem. in St. Louis, Missiouri, in 1964. The Fond-du-Lac band also received a medal from Lewis & Clark and is in their oral history. They are identified as the "foriegn nation" that received a 3rd size medal from Lewis & Clark p.17 reference: Indian Peace Medals in American History, Francis Paul Prucha(index p.179, "Fond du Lac") Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections, 2025, https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/public/digitallibrary/smof/publicliaison/blackwell/box-032/40_047_7007434_032_019_2017.pdf
©National Park Service
Franklin Pierce 1853 peace medal said to have been owned by "Chief Kinquish". It was collected in Marinette County Wisconsin adjacent to Forest County home to the Sokaogon Chippewa reservation is. It would have been given at La Pointe on Madeline Island, Wisconsin for either the Chippewa Treaty of 1853 or the treaty that followed the next year at Madeline Island. ©Smithsonian
Turtle-Mountain Chief Little Shell III:
Chief Little Shell III of the Turtle-Mountain band of Chippewa. He received a Lincoln Indian Peace Medal at the 1863 signing of the Treaty of Old Crossing.
wikicommons
In 1900 the Massachusetts State Seal was redesigned by Edmund H. Garrett. He used Chief Little Shell III of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa as his model. There is now an effort in Massachusetts to remove the Chief from the State seal claiming using his image is racist. Massachsetts is the only state to acknowledge a First Nation's leader on it's State Seal and State flag. In heraldry, a figure centered on a design, typically within the shield (or escutcheon), is called a "charge". In Heraldry an arm holding a sword above a figure generally symbolizes authority, military prowess, or the protection of justice. The sword itself is a common symbol of honor, bravery, and military might.
Saulteaux Chief Peguis:
Chief Perguis 12' monumen by Marguerite Judd Taylor. Erected 1923 in Kildonan Park, Winnipeg, Canada. Chief Peguis led his band from Sault Ste. Marie to Rupert's Land ca.1790. In 1817 Chief Perguis signed the Perguis Selkirk Treaty that recognized indigenious rights. It included lands that would become Minnesota and North Dakota. The Peguis First Nation is the largest in Manitoba today.
©Trevor Brine/CBC
©City of Winnipeg
Government tug "Pegius II" at the Marine Museum of Manitoba. She was named for Chief Peguis.and assisted dredging operations on the Lake Winnipeg waterways.
©Robert B. Farrow
.
.
Gallery #2: College & Profesional Sports
1892 Class photo with Benjamin Caswell, Cass Lake Chippewa, first quarterback of the Carlisle football team.(front row 2nd from right) He was timed running 100 yds under 10 seconds. He is wearing two period jeweler made awards.
Carisle's program revolutionized football to the game that is played today by the NFL. They created the "huddle", 3-point stance, forward pass, overhand spiral pass, dou
The Carlisle football program is football legend. It received more requests to play than could be scheduled between 1893-1918. Records show 70 Chippewa students played for Carlisle. ©Theparrishchannel
https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=24281227221503501&set=pcb.348978884449080
1912 Carlisle track team. Charles Coons, Lac Courte Orielles, was captain. He was one of the 8 students who could run a
Carlisle Indians vs. Army West Point 1912, quarterbacked by Gus Welch (Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa), coached by Pop Wagner, and captained by Jim Thorpe. They "changed football before the eyes of America, "like the sweep of a Prairie fire: coach Wagner" was quoted. Final score: Indians 27, Army 6. https://read.nxtbook.com/leisuremedia360/brc_plus/heart_of_the_mountains_vol
Student body "Cup of Appreciation" given to Gus Welch at Randolf Macon College. © The Roanoker
In 1912, as Class president Welch initiated a petition to the Sec. of the Interiour about conditions at Carlisle that marked the beginning of the end for the school, 275 classmates co-signed. In 1914 he signed a petition to the Secretary requesting the removal of Pop Wagner as the head of athletics at Car
Frank Gus Welch from Spooner Wisconsin, quarterback at Carisle. He was Jim Thorpe's roommate and best man. Inducted to NCAA and American Indian Football Halls of Fame. Graduated from Dickenson Law School. ©AIA Hall of Fame
During the time the Carlisle football program existed the team had 5 Chippewa captains. That was the
most by any tribe.
“The reason I went into baseball as a profession was that when I left school, baseball offered me the best opportunity for both money and achievement. I adopted it because I played baseball better than I could do anything else, because the life & the game appealed to me & because there was so little of racial prejudice in the game. There has scarcely been a trace of sentiment against me on account
Abby Roque, Wahnapitae First Nation
She won a Silver medal, U.S. Women's National Team forward, at the 2022 Olympic Winter Games in Beij
©Sports Center ESPN
Abby is in the North American Indigenious Athletics Hall of Fame
Ojibwa acknowledgement by U.S. & Canadian Post:
Canada's Post Office's: "Ojibwa thunderbird" & "Naskapi pattern" Se-tenant pair was issued on April 4, 1975. The thunderbird was created by Norval Morrisseau of the Ojibwa Sandpoint First Nation.
©Canada Post
George Morrison, Grand Portage band of Lake Superior Chippewa. ( 1919 - 2000) He was an abstract painter & sculptor that the U.S. Post office acknowledged with a souvenir sheet of stamps of five of his works in 2022.
Permission United States Postal Service®
.
.
Pierre Bottineau
Pierre Bottineau was the son of a Saulteaux mother, Margaret Ah-dik-Songab (Clear Sky), and, Charles Joseph Bottineau, a French-Canadian fur harvesting father. His mother was the sister of Chief Red Bear of the Pembina band. He was raised near St. Boniface, now Winnipeg, Manitoba. He was famous and respected as a scout, guide, and translator. He is reported to have been able to speak: French, Ojibbway, Dakota, Assiniboine, Plains Cree, Mandan, Winnebago and English. He was reported to have been born in 1817 on the Red River of the North at Bear Point, near the mouth of the Turtle River. One of his sons served in Co. F 5th Minnesota during the Civil War. During 1863-4 Pierre served as a guide and a scout for General Sibley against the Sioux. Minnesota Govenor Ramsey, Oregon Governor Steven, and the Northern Pacific RR all engaged his service. He acted as the translator for the Pembina band at their 1863 Treaty. There is no record that he was ever engaged by the Crown. His first travels were to carry messages for the American Fur Co. from Selkirk to Prairie du Chien in 1830. A mere 690 mile trek as a teenager. After that he delivered messages for the HBC. He was married twice and fathered over 20 children. In 1863 he translated for the 1863 Red Lake Pembina treaty. In 1876 he led 70 French and Saulteaux Metis familys to found the town of Red Lake Falls, Minnesota. Other towns he founded were Osseo, Maple Grove, Breckenridge, Minnesota and Wahpeton, North Dakota He later was labeled the "Kit Carson of the Northwest". Some called him the "Walking Peace Pipe". It's sticking out of his pocket in the image. In 1879 the U.S. granted him a pension for his service. His son, Jean Baptiste, practiced law and was the Turtle Mountain Chippewa legal council for 20 years in claims against the government. In his obiturary his daughter wrote: He was a strong and consistent advocate of a liberal education for the Indian of today,—industrial, technical, professional, and moral. He strongly approved and supported the policy of the U. S. Indian Office in maintaining such schools for the education of the Indian as that at Carlisle, Pennsylvania.Contributed by Mrs. Marie L. Baldwin (née Bottineau) in memory of her father". She became the first female lawyer in the UnitedStates. Jean Baptiste provided legal assistance to at least one student from Turtle Mountain to gain admittance to Carlisle.
https://www.metismuseum.ca/media/db/11974
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/95652352/jean_baptiste-bottineau
https://carlisleindian.dickinson.edu/sites/default/files/docs-documents/NARA_RG75_91_b2214_01282.pdf
Pierre Bottineau, wikipedia
A-wum-ne-wa-be & King Louis Phillippe I
1845 Silver King Louis Phillippe 51mm medal. The King ordered medals be made for the 12 Walpole Island Ojibbeway with George Catlin. Two gold for the Chiefs and silver for the others. This medal was found in the collection of the Gilcrease Museum in doing the writing for this website. They did not know it's history and simply labeled it as "unidentified donative medal". It is engraved "A-wun-ne-wa-be" for "Bird of Thunder". Smithsonian.
©Gilgrease Museum
A-wun-ne-we-be. Bird of Thunder, George Catlin, Painted at the request of the King of France, Louis Phillippe I,1845, Paris France along with, as well as Ud-je-jock, Au-nim-muck-kwa-um and Say-say-gon. All of those paintings are now at the Smithsonian. They were all from Walpole Island, lower Canada.
wikicommons
The King had each medal personalized, with the recepient's name. This is the one the King gave to A-wun-ne-wa-be of Walpole Island.
©Gilgrease Museum
George Catlin and some of his Ojibbeway:
Pelican, Catlin 1845
Ud-je-jock, a boy
painted for the King of France,
Smithsonian copy wikicommons The paintings Catlin did for the King are now in the ©Musée du Quai Branly— Jacques Chirac.
King Louis Phillippe I 1845 Medal
© Gilcrease Museum
Tempest Bird, Catlin 1845
Au-nim-muck-kwa-um,
painted for the King of France,
Smithsonian copy, wikicommons
The paintings Catlin did for the King are now in the ©Musée du Quai Branly—Jacques Chirac.
Boy Chief, Catlin 1835
Painted at Fort Snelling, Wisconsin Territory.
Smithsonian wikicommons
Hail-storm, war chief Catlin 1845
Say-say-gon was painted in Paris.
Smithsonian wikicommons
Kei-a-gis-gis, Catlin 1832
Painted at Fort Union, Missiouri Territory, Smithsonian. wikicommons