Chippewa / Ojibwa History

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Chippewa / Ojibwa History

Chippewa / Ojibwa HistoryChippewa / Ojibwa HistoryChippewa / Ojibwa History
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© Parks Canada Agency / Agence Parcs Canada

The Provincal Park is situated in the southeastern corner of Ontario's Peterborough Crown Game Preserve. Image of the inital entrance sign with the base still being completed.  The Curve Lake First  Nation Reserve is 47km away.  Peterborough is 57km, where the Canadian Canoe Museum. is located.

 

Peterborough Petroglyphs, Ontario

A Great Horned snake

The Peterbourgh Petroglyphs lie on historically Anishinaabe land There are many images for which there are no known indigenious comparables in North America.  The main figure in the center image has rays coming from the head.  CanadaDZ / CC BY 2.0 

It's speculated the glyphs were made ca. 900 - 1400 C.E.

The person in the image provides scale for the size of the glyphs.  A shelter was erected to protect the site from the elements and vandalism that has since gotten criticism for aesthetics and cultural appropriateness.   The site is a pilgrimage for the Ojibwa people today. © Parks Canada Agency / Agence Parcs Canada

They were "found" in 1954.

The exposed material at the site is white marble that is incised with hundreds of humans, turtles, snakes, birds, deer, wolves, and mythological creatures.   In addition there are numerous abstractions of unknown meaning. The total number of glyphs is over 1,200.   CanadaDZ / CC BY 2.0) 

The mythological

d

Some of the imagery is elaborate and took a great deal of time to execute.  Even the simple ones took time with a depth of 2-3 inches. wikicommons 

Grandmother Turtle

This turtle image and others link to the Anishinaabe.  There are boats with oars, masts, and bow and stern posts with figureheads that do not and that connection.

The Curve Lake First Nation is the spiritual custodian of the site , administer the visitor center, and enforce the no photoraphy rules of the petroglyphs.  In 1998 the elders requested no photography of the glyphs, so that the "spirits of the rock were not captured".

© Parks Canada Agency / Agence Parcs Canada, B. Morin

Abstractions with figures

The figure on the left has a tail.  The figure on the right appears related to the thunderbird used by the 501st Airborne. © Parks Canada Agency / Agence Parcs Canada, B. Morin

Pictographs

 Ojibwa pictograph, panel X, Agawa Rock, 

Ontario. Anishinaabe Pictographs[267]


  • Sanilac Petroglyphs Historic State Park "Ezhibiigadek asin" Ojibwe for "written on stone", Michigan.
  • Pimachiowin Aki is a UNESCO World Heritage site on Lake Winnipeg, with over 30 individual sites, it is Canada's largest grouping of pictographs.
  • Hegman Lake Pictographs in Minnesota's Boundary Waters Canoe Area.
  • Lake Superior Provincial Park contains the Agawa Rock Pictographs. "Aagawaa" means "sheltered place" in the Ojibwa.
  • Wabakimi Provincial Park has multiple pictographs near Cliff Lake.
  • Mazinaw Pictographs National Historic Site of Canada. "Mazinaw" is Ojibwa for "picture" or "writing"
  • Chippewa Pictograph Sites of the Border States; Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin[268]       wikicommons

Underwater Panther at the Agawa Rock,

 Ojibwa pictograph of Underwater Panther at the Agawa Rock pictographs, Lake Superior Provincial Park, Ontario.  wikicommons 

Nanabozho (the trickster) pictograph, Upper Mazinaw Lake, Ontario

Nanabozho

 Nanabozho (the trickster) pictograph, Upper Mazinaw Lake, Ontario     Nanabozhoo is said to have shown the Ojibwa how to make the bow and arrow, canoes, and snowshoes.  wikicommons

Turtle Petroform at Bannock Point, Manitoba

The turtle, or Grandmother Earth, represents wisdom, healing, health and protection

 The turtle, or Grandmother Earth, represents wisdom, healing, health and protection.  

The rattlesnake or Grandfather Earth has petroforms nearby.  wikicommons

Petroform at Whiteshell Park, Manitoba

 Whiteshell Provincial Park's petroforms serve as reminders of the instructions given to the Anishinaabe by the Creator Gitche Manitou. The Anishinaabe Midewiwin, or Grand Medicine Society, considers the area containing the petroforms to be "Manito Ahbee", where the Gitche Manitou sits. It is the site where the Gitche Manitou lowered the original Anishinaabe from the sky to the ground according to oral history.              

                                 wikicommons                                                                    

Lewis & Clark and the Chippewa and historians question how?

ca. 1933 picture of 1803 Lewis & Clark Presentation Flag owned by the Oji-Cree in Montana. Held by 2 Oji-Cree, Loud Thunder or Jim Gopher and the Frenchman with Frank Linderman. Lewis & Clark had several different versions of the flag with them. This one has the Great Seal with 13 stars in the canton. The shield with 3 stars symbolizes the branches of government. Linderman was greatly involved in Rocky Boy's band getting a reservation in 1916.

  ©Distinctly Montana

Peace Medal, 1st size, for head chief's. It was collected in 1900 at Mille-Lacs. Jefferson medals were the first to have a President's profile on them. This medal belonged to Chief Katawabeda of the Sandy Lake band and "Emperor" of all Mississippi band Chippewa. Mille-Lacs band oral history has that he received it from Lewis & Clark in 1804. It was donated to Jefferson Nat. Expansion Mem. in St. Louis, Missiouri, in 1964. The Fond-du-Lac band also received a medal from Lewis & Clark and is in their oral history. They are identified as the "foriegn nation" that received a 3rd size medal from Lewis & Clark p.17 reference: Indian Peace Medals in American History, Francis Paul Prucha (index p.179, "Fond du Lac") Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections, 2025, https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/public/digitallibrary/smof/publicliaison/blackwell/box-032/40_047_7007434_032_019_2017.pdf

 ©National Park Service

Profesional Sports:

1897 The first Native American professional football player was George Shelafo.  All records identify him as Chippewa, none give his band or home state or province.



Frank Gus Welch, Lac Courte Orielles band from Spooner Wisconsin & captain & quarterback Carisle football team.  He was Jim Thorpe's roommate and best man.  He was inducted into the NCAA and American Indian Football Halls of Fame.




















Charles Bender, White Earth Reservation in Crow Wing County, Minnesota.  Baseballl Hall of Fame plaque.


                    wikicommons










Eli Ankou, Dokis First Nation, defensive tackle Buffalo Bills.  Has played for 7 teams.

   ©Buffalo Bills 

 





In hockey the Red Lake Nation is associated with three skaters:

GARY SARGENT  World Cup Silver Medal

HENRY BOUCHA  Olymmpic Silver Medal, NHL Hall of Fame

T.J. OSHI  3 Stanley Cups


                  ©Henry Boucha


GEORGE ARMSTRONG  Nipissing  4 STANLEY CUPS

JAMIE LEACH Berens River 1st Nation, STANLEY CUP

REGGIE LEACH Berens River 1st Nation, STANLEY CUP

BRANDON NOLAN Garden River 1st Nation 

JORDAN NOLAN 



Show More










Garden River First Nation has Jordan Nolan a three time Stanley Cup winner and Dwight King (Metis) of the Los Angeles Kings.  

                  ©Indigenious Hockey





Clarance John "Taffy" Abel, Sault Ste. Marie band, Silver Medal 1924.  Flag bearer for team USA.  Hockey Hall of Fame.                   wikicommons

Show More

Abby Roque, Wahnapitae First Nation

Silver medal. U.S. Women's National Team forward at the 2022 Olympic Winter Games in Beijing

                                        ©Sports  Center ESPN

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and the Chippewa:

 

Longfellow is forever linked to the Chippewa by his 1855 "The Song of Hiawatha".  It is an epic poem that launched his career.  It became a part of 8th grade english across the U.S. for many years The main male character is the Chippewa warrior Hiawatha who is linked to  the legend of Nanabozho.  In the Song of Hiawatha Longfellow used  a large number of Ojibwa words to give authenticity to his sterotyped characters.  With a student population primarily Dacotah and Chippewa the Pipestone Indian School boyscouts made the poem a scout production in 1927.  It became an annual school project that engaged the local community. It grew to become a regional event that the community continued long after Pipestone closed. 


In Michigan  Chief George Kabaosa of the Garden River band and, grandson of Chief Shingwaukonse  made a stage adaptation  of the poem.  The  tribe first preformed in 1901.  Their preformances were popular and  went international, with shows in  Boston, Chicago, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Detroit, London, Portsmouth, Amsterdam, and Antwerp.  They also preformed for 20,000 people per night for two weeks at the Toronto Exhibition in 1937.                "The Song of Hiawatha", SOOTODAY.COM , 2020 https://www.sootoday.com/columns/remember-this/the-song-of-hiawatha-2147109.    From 1905-10   the G.R.& I. R.R. funded and advertised the play at Round Lake, Michigan to promote tourists to see the native American production. They hired  Canadian Louis O. Armstrong who worked with Ojibwa from the Garden River Reserve in Ontario.    In 2015 the Michigan Historical Commission erected a marker to commerate the history. (Marker # 736.) 


It was from this work that the Milwaukee Railroad choose the name for it's "Hiawatha" trains.  The "Hiawatha's" served mainlines and were in the everyday vernacular.  They ran the mainline from Chicago to St. Paul and the Hiawatha Olympian went to Seattle.  Hiawatha's provided service on railroad's  Chippewa Valley Line in Wisconsin also.  When the railrod updated service to Milwaukee they choose to name the service "Chippewa" for Hiawatha's heritage.  It was later changed to Chippewa Hiawatha.  But when the railroad went out of business the name did not die. Today's Amtrak still has a "Hiawatha" named for Longfellow's fictional Chippewa warrior.

Hiawatha and Minnehaha stature 1912 by   Jacob Fjelde,  Minneapois

 © Minnesota Historical Society 

Ojibwa-Chippewa War, Pipe, Scalp, and Snowshoe Dances. Plus snowshoes collected at Leach Lake.

j

Ojibwa acknowledgement by U.S. & Canadian Post:

8 cent CAnadian stamp

Canada's Post Office's: "Ojibwa thunderbird" & "Naskapi pattern" Se-tenant pair was issued on April 4, 1975. The thunderbird was created by Norval Morrisseau of the Ojibwa Sandpoint First Nation.

©Canada Post

George Morrison, Grand Portage band of Lake Superior Chippewa. (September 30, 1919 – April 17, 2000) Was an abstract painter and sculptor that the U.S. Post office acknowledged with a souvenir sheet of stamps of him and five of his works in 2022.


 Used with the permission of the United States Postal Service® 

George Catlin and some of his Ojibbeway:

Fast Dancer, a warrior, Catlin 1845-46

Wash-ka-mon-ya, 

Smithsonian wikicommons

Hail-storm, war chief Catlin 1845

Say-say-gon, 

Smithsonian wikicommons

Boy Chief, Catlin 1843

Smithsonian wikicommons

Tempest Bird, Catlin 1845

Au-nim-muck-kwa-um,

 painted for the King of France,

Smithsonian, wikicommons

Pelican, Catlin 1845

 Ud je jock, Pelican, a boy

 painted for the King of France,

Smithsonian wikicommons 

Meeting-birds, a brave, Catlin

 Hah-je-day-ah-shee,

painted either 1835 at Fort Snelling, or Sault Ste. Marie 1836 Smithsonian, wikicommons 


© Joe Valequez: other Ojibwa images @ Ansada Gr

"The Chippewa"

"Turtle Spirt Shield"

Joe Valequez Ojibwa image copyright licensing or purchase contact  https://ansadagroup.com

"Healing Light"

"Healing Light"

"Healing Light"

"Autumm Light"

Ojibwa Night

"Ojibwa Night" 

"The Growling Rapids"  

Ojibwe gallery courtesy zs@liangst

"Searching for the Rogue Bear"

"Small deer hunter"

Contact  zs@liangstudio.com for copyright permmission or purchase

"Solitary Hunter"

"Waiting for the Right Moment"

v

 "Water Lily"  

"Solitary Hunter 2006"

Historical images of the Chippewa/Ojibwa legacy



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